Polynomial Interpolation and Its Error Term · seed 1 · A4, ink-friendly. The answer key prints on its own page for grown-ups.
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One polynomial through the points

Mathematics · Calculus & Analysis · ages 20-21
Name ______________________   Date ____________
  1. A proposed interpolant is p(x)=2x^2-x+1 for data (-1,4), (0,1) and (2,7). What is the residual p(2)-7 at x=2?

    Answer: ______________

  2. A data set contains (0,2), (1,3) and (1,5). Why can no polynomial interpolate all three recorded values?

    • The two distinct nodes require a quadratic fit.
    • A polynomial must give equal outputs at 0 and 1.
    • The input 1 is assigned two different outputs.
    • The input 0 cannot be used as a polynomial node.
  3. Three data points have distinct x values 0, 1 and 2. The unique degree-limited interpolant has degree at most one less than the number of points. What is that degree limit?

    • 1
    • 2
    • 3
  4. Adding equally spaced interpolation nodes always makes the absolute error smaller at every point between the endpoint nodes.

    Circle one:   True   False

  5. Let f have a continuous second derivative on a closed interval containing distinct nodes x0,x1 and a non-node x. Let p have degree at most 1 and match f at both nodes. Which formula holds for some c inside the smallest interval containing these points?

    • f(x)-p(x) = f''(c)(x-x0)(x-x1)/2
    • f(x)-p(x) = f''(c)(x-x0)(x-x1)/3
    • f(x)-p(x) = f'(c)(x-x0)(x-x1)/2
  6. The function f(x)=|x| is interpolated at -1 and 1 by p(x)=1. Which requirement of the lesson's linear interpolation error theorem is not met?

    • The function is continuous on the whole interval.
    • The function has a continuous second derivative.
    • The interpolation nodes have distinct x values.
    • The interpolant has degree at most one on [-1,1].
  7. For data (-1,2), (1,0) and (2,5), which expression is the Newton interpolant using the nodes in that order?

    • 2-(x+1)+2(x+1)(x-1)
    • 2+(x+1)+2(x+1)(x-1)
    • 2-(x+1)+5(x+1)(x-1)
    • 2-2(x+1)+2(x+1)(x-1)
  8. For the points (0,1) and (2,9), what is the first divided difference?

    • 2
    • 4
    • 8
  9. With nodes 0,1,2, the Lagrange basis polynomial for node 0 is L_0(x)=(x-1)(x-2)/2. What is L_0(0.5)? Enter your answer as a decimal.

    Answer: ______________

  10. Two different polynomials, each of degree at most 2, can pass through the same three points with distinct x coordinates.

    Circle one:   True   False

LightMySky · lightmysky.comW1-mt_NSnzY9Xodd-s1

Answer key

For grown-ups. Fold this page away before handing over the rest.

One polynomial through the points W1-mt_NSnzY9Xodd-s1

  1. 0 · p(2)=2(4)-2+1=7. Subtracting the recorded value gives 7-7=0.
  2. The input 1 is assigned two different outputs. · Interpolation would require both p(1)=3 and p(1)=5. A function has only one output for each input.
  3. 2 · Three distinct nodes give the degree limit 3-1=2. The actual polynomial may have lower degree.
  4. False · For Runge's function on [-1,1], adding two nodes increases the error at x=0.9 from about 0.1741 to 0.3362.
  5. f(x)-p(x) = f''(c)(x-x0)(x-x1)/2 · The degree-at-most-1 interpolant uses the second derivative, the two nodal factors and the divisor 2!=2.
  6. The function has a continuous second derivative. · |x| has no first derivative at its corner x=0, so it cannot have a continuous second derivative throughout [-1,1].
  7. 2-(x+1)+2(x+1)(x-1) · The adjacent first differences are -1 and 5. Their divided difference is (5-(-1))/(2-(-1))=2.
  8. 4 · The first divided difference is (9-1)/(2-0)=8/2=4.
  9. 0.375 · Substitution gives (-0.5)(-1.5)/2=0.75/2=0.375.
  10. False · Their difference would have degree at most 2 and three distinct roots. It must be zero, so the polynomials are identical.
Worksheet · LightMySky