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Backing up your writing with evidence

English · Writing Composition · ages 9-11

Name ______________________ Date ____________

What does it mean to cite a source in your writing?
- Copy the whole article word for word
- Say where your fact or idea came from
- Only use your own ideas, no facts needed
You're writing about ocean pollution. Which sentence uses evidence from a text, not just your own opinion?
- According to National Geographic, 8 million tons of plastic enter the ocean every year.
- I think the ocean is really dirty and gross.
- Everyone should care about the ocean.
It's fine to use a fact from a text in your writing without saying where it came from.
Circle one: True False
Source A says wolves help forests by controlling deer numbers. Source B says wolves can threaten livestock. A summary using both sources should...
- Explain both sides
- Only explain Source A's point about deer control
- Pick whichever source sounds more interesting
Which is the best paraphrase of: 'Sharks have existed for over 400 million years'?
- Sharks have existed for over 400 million years.
- Sharks are cool and really old.
- Sharks lived over 400 million years.
You're writing a report on climate change. Which detail belongs in your paragraph as evidence?
- A guess about what might be true
- A fact from a science article, with the source named
- A sentence copied exactly from a webpage with no citation
Two articles about school lunches: one says cafeteria food is healthy, the other says it needs more vegetables. Which sentence best synthesizes them?
- One article says lunches are healthy, the other says they need more vegetables, so views differ.
- Cafeteria food is perfect just the way it is.
- Cafeteria food is bad and should be thrown out.
Sam wrote: 'Studies show tigers are dangerous,' without naming which study this came from. What's the problem?
- There is no problem with this
- The sentence is too short
- The claim has no named, checkable source

Answer key

For grown-ups. Fold this page away before handing over the rest.

Backing up your writing with evidence W1-mt_ZxdfRbwkKM-s1

Say where your fact or idea came from · Citing means telling the reader where you got the information, like the book or website title.
According to National Geographic, 8 million tons of plastic enter the ocean every year. · The first sentence names a source and gives a specific fact. That's what evidence looks like.
False · Always name where a fact came from. Leaving it out can look like you made it up or took credit for someone else's work.
Explain both sides · Synthesizing means showing what each source says, even when they don't fully agree.
Sharks lived over 400 million years. · A good paraphrase keeps the fact but uses different words. Copying the sentence exactly is plagiarism.
A fact from a science article, with the source named · Strong non-fiction writing points to a real fact from a text, credited to its source.
One article says lunches are healthy, the other says they need more vegetables, so views differ. · A synthesis shows both viewpoints accurately, including where they disagree.
The claim has no named, checkable source · Saying 'studies show' without naming a source means readers can't check the fact. Evidence needs a named source.