The Epsilon-Delta Definition of a Limit · seed 1 · A4, ink-friendly. The answer key prints on its own page for grown-ups.
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Promises with epsilon and delta

Mathematics · Calculus & Analysis · ages 18-19
Name ______________________   Date ____________
  1. Assume domain inputs other than a occur arbitrarily close to a. Call x permitted when it is in the domain and 0 < |x-a| < delta. The required bound is |f(x)-L| < epsilon. Which statement defines limit L?

    • For every epsilon > 0, some delta > 0 makes the bound hold for every permitted x.
    • For every delta > 0, some epsilon > 0 makes the bound hold for every permitted x.
    • Some epsilon > 0 has a delta > 0 making the bound hold for every permitted x.
  2. For f(x) = 5x+1 near a = 2, the target is L = 11. With delta = 0.03, what is the boundary output-error bound 5 delta? Give a decimal.

    Answer: ______________

  3. Epsilon is fixed. A proposed proof chooses a new delta after seeing each input x. Which requirement has not been met?

    • The proof must set delta equal to epsilon.
    • The proof must include the input x = a.
    • One delta must work for all permitted inputs.
    • One input must have output exactly equal to L.
  4. With a and L fixed, which quantity is chosen first in the epsilon-delta test?

    • The distance delta around a
    • The tolerance epsilon around L
    • The value f(a) at the point
  5. For f(x) = -2x+4 near a = 1 with target L = 2, epsilon = 0.12 is given. Which comparison verifies the choice delta = 0.03?

    • 2 times 0.03 = 0.06 < 0.12
    • 2 times 0.03 = 0.12 < 0.06
    • -2 times 0.03 = 0.06 > 0.12
    • 0.03 divided by 2 = 0.12
  6. For the same function, point and target, a delta that works for epsilon = 0.002 also works for epsilon = 0.02.

    Circle one:   True   False

  7. Let f(x) = 8 for every real x. For its limit 8 at a = 3 and epsilon = 0.1, which statement about delta is correct?

    • Only delta equal to 0.1 works.
    • Only delta less than 0.1 works.
    • No positive value of delta works.
    • Every positive delta works.
  8. Finding a working delta for one small epsilon proves a limit.

    Circle one:   True   False

  9. To prove 3x + 1 tends to 7 as x tends to 2 for an arbitrary epsilon, which delta completes the proof?

    • 3 times epsilon
    • epsilon / 3
    • epsilon + 3
  10. Let f(x) = x squared, with limit 0 as x tends to 0. For epsilon = 0.25, give the largest delta that works.

    Answer: ______________

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Answer key

For grown-ups. Fold this page away before handing over the rest.

Promises with epsilon and delta W1-mt_jFzRYQzCmk-s1

  1. For every epsilon > 0, some delta > 0 makes the bound hold for every permitted x. · With domain inputs approaching a, every positive tolerance needs one positive delta that works for all permitted inputs.
  2. 0.15 · The output error is 5|x-2|. Inputs closer than 0.03 give errors below 5 times 0.03 = 0.15.
  3. One delta must work for all permitted inputs. · For a fixed epsilon, one positive delta must cover every input in its punctured neighbourhood.
  4. The tolerance epsilon around L · Epsilon is the challenge and comes first. Delta is your response to it.
  5. 2 times 0.03 = 0.06 < 0.12 · The output error is 2|x-1|, so an input distance below 0.03 gives error below 0.06, which is below 0.12.
  6. True · An output error below 0.002 is also below 0.02. The same delta therefore meets the looser requirement.
  7. Every positive delta works. · Every output error is |8-8| = 0, which is below 0.1 for any positive input distance.
  8. False · One successful tolerance test also covers larger tolerances, but does not establish all smaller ones. A limit proof must handle every positive epsilon.
  9. epsilon / 3 · The output error is 3|x - 2|, so dividing epsilon by 3 keeps it below epsilon.
  10. 0.5 · We need x squared below 0.25, so |x| must be below sqrt(0.25) = 0.5.
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