به انگلیسی

Declare the state, let the loop converge

Computing · Computer Systems · ages 23-24

Name ______________________ Date ____________

In the Linux container model taught here, which description of isolation and sharing is accurate?
- Selected process views are isolated; containers share the host kernel.
- Selected process views are shared; each container receives a separate kernel.
- Selected process views are shared; containers share the host kernel.
Orders and payments are separately deployed services that communicate over a network. Which architecture description fits?
- One monolithic program
- One local-call program
- Separate microservices
A monolithic application can run in a container in the cloud.
Circle one: True False
A workload needs 2 GiB of available memory and must meet a placement rule. A meets the rule with 1 GiB; B meets it with 4 GiB; C breaks it with 8 GiB. Which node meets both stated conditions?
- A's placement match makes its 1 GiB sufficient.
- B satisfies both conditions.
- C's 8 GiB makes its placement violation irrelevant.
After failure cleanup, a controller observes 2 managed replica objects against a target of 5. No creation is pending and no concurrent changes occur. How many more objects should it request?
- 3 additional objects
- 5 additional objects
- 2 additional objects
A failure changes the current replica count. What does a standing desired-state target provide that a one-time command list alone does not?
- Guaranteed startup after each failure, regardless of capacity.
- Permission to skip later checks of existing replica objects.
- A target for comparing state and repairing later drift.
When its managed replica count matches the target, a controller should create an extra replica merely because another reconciliation pass has begun.
Circle one: True False
A controller creates replica object worker-b but loses the success response. On retry, it confirms worker-b exists and the target is met. What should it do?
- Create worker-c on retry.
- Keep worker-b and avoid duplicating the completed creation.
- Delete worker-b so that the retry always begins with no replica object.

Answer key

For grown-ups. Fold this page away before handing over the rest.

Declare the state, let the loop converge W1-mt_nV1LgSRsh_-s1

Selected process views are isolated; containers share the host kernel. · Namespaces isolate selected views, while containers use the host kernel. An image does not include a separate kernel for each container.
Separate microservices · The stated deployment units are separate networked services. That fits microservices, without proving that their failures cannot affect one another.
True · A monolith is deployed as one application unit. That unit can still be packaged in a container and hosted in the cloud.
B satisfies both conditions. · B meets the rule and has at least 2 GiB available. A lacks enough memory; C violates a required rule despite having more memory.
3 additional objects · Five are wanted and two exist, so the shortfall is 5 - 2 = 3. Creating objects does not establish that their processes are ready.
A target for comparing state and repairing later drift. · The target remains available for later comparisons and repair decisions. It does not remove capacity, configuration or startup limits.
False · A new pass calls for checking state, not automatically adding replicas. Matching this count needs no additional replica creation.
Keep worker-b and avoid duplicating the completed creation. · The missing response did not undo creation. The retry has confirmed that the object exists and the target is met, so no duplicate replica is needed.