Which example mainly tests procedural, non-declarative memory?

• Recalling where your piano lesson took place
• Recalling the name of a recently learned tune
• Playing a practiced tune with fluent finger movements

Which example mainly tests episodic declarative memory?

• Balancing on a bicycle
• Recalling where you met a friend
• Typing a familiar keyboard pattern

Systems consolidation means every detailed old episode can be recalled without the hippocampus.

Which change describes systems consolidation in the standard model?

• Receptor responses change within a single trained connection
• Retrieval shifts toward cortical support as networks reorganize
• The hippocampus becomes the permanent storage site for learned facts

In an illustrative case, a patient makes 15, 9 and 5 tracing errors over three days but cannot recall earlier sessions. What is supported?

• Skill performance improved despite impaired recall of practice
• Skill and episode recall both improved across practice
• Practice recall improved while tracing stayed stable

After training, memory scores rise and a measured synapse strengthens. No manipulation was made. What is supported?

• The two changes are associated with training
• The synaptic change caused the improved recall
• Improved recall caused the synaptic strengthening

After hippocampal injury, older facts are recalled better than recent facts. Which check most directly addresses stronger learning or easier testing as alternative explanations?

• Match the number of old and recent facts in the test
• Match learning strength and recall demands across memory ages
• Match the patient's testing time across repeated sessions

A patient makes many tracing errors after injury. Which follow-up best tests whether vision or movement demands explain the errors rather than impaired learning?

• Check recall of instructions after each tracing session
• Compare tracing gains after extra practice with the same hand
• Check vision and compare learning on a lower-movement task