Deep-Sea Survival · seed 1 · A4, ink-friendly. The answer key prints on its own page for grown-ups.
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Surviving pressure, cold and drying

Science · Animals of the World · ages 12-13
Name ______________________   Date ____________
  1. A tardigrade survives in a dry tun. What can allow activity to return?

    • Sunlight returns while the animal remains dry.
    • Water returns and rehydrates the surviving animal.
    • Air returns while its body remains dried out.
  2. Which change marks drying-induced cryptobiosis in a drying-tolerant tardigrade?

    • Forming a dry tun as metabolism becomes very low.
    • Remaining active while body water is lost.
    • Forming a dry tun while metabolism speeds up.
  3. What does an enzyme do in a cell?

    • It speeds up chemical reactions within cells.
    • It carries oxygen between the body's tissues.
    • It forms the outer boundary around each cell.
  4. What helps Antarctic icefish limit ice growth in their blood?

    • Antifreeze proteins heat the blood and melt ice crystals.
    • Antifreeze proteins attach to ice crystals and limit growth.
    • Antifreeze proteins dissolve ice crystals into the blood.
  5. A deep-sea fish regulates a gas-filled swim bladder. Which claim does this example disprove?

    • Some deep-sea fish contain gas-filled bladders.
    • Gas-filled bladders change volume with pressure.
    • Deep-sea animals lack gas-filled spaces.
  6. Why can pressure adaptations in enzymes matter to deep-sea animals?

    • Pressure affects gas spaces, not enzyme activity.
    • Pressure changes enzyme shape but leaves activity unchanged.
    • Pressure can alter an enzyme's shape and activity.
  7. Using rounded pressures of 1 atmosphere at the surface and 400 at depth, the deep pressure is how many times as high?

    Answer: ______________

  8. Using rounded pressures of 400 atmospheres at depth and 1 at the surface, what is the increase in atmospheres?

    Answer: ______________

  9. A microbe grows well in hot water. Does this prove it also grows well in very salty water?

    • Heat tolerance establishes salt tolerance.
    • Salt tolerance needs a separate growth test.
    • Heat tolerance prevents high salt tolerance.
  10. What do icefish antifreeze proteins and wood frog glucose protection have in common?

    • Both reduce freezing damage to cells.
    • Both prevent ice from forming in body fluids.
    • Both melt body ice by releasing stored heat.
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Answer key

For grown-ups. Fold this page away before handing over the rest.

Surviving pressure, cold and drying W1-mt_ot9rcUwBtK-s1

  1. Water returns and rehydrates the surviving animal. · Rehydration can allow a surviving dry tardigrade to become active.
  2. Forming a dry tun as metabolism becomes very low. · Drying-induced cryptobiosis combines tun formation with extremely low metabolism.
  3. It speeds up chemical reactions within cells. · Enzymes speed up chemical reactions inside cells.
  4. Antifreeze proteins attach to ice crystals and limit growth. · Antifreeze glycoproteins attach to small crystals and limit their growth.
  5. Deep-sea animals lack gas-filled spaces. · One deep-sea fish with a gas-filled bladder disproves the claim about every deep-sea animal.
  6. Pressure can alter an enzyme's shape and activity. · An enzyme's shape affects its activity. Pressure-adapted chemistry helps reactions continue.
  7. 400 · 400 / 1 = 400 times as high.
  8. 399 · 400 - 1 = 399 atmospheres.
  9. Salt tolerance needs a separate growth test. · Some microbes tolerate both extremes, but heat tolerance alone does not establish salt tolerance.
  10. Both reduce freezing damage to cells. · They reduce freezing damage in different ways; a wood frog can partly freeze.
Worksheet · LightMySky