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The solar system (age 11+)

Science · Space Systems & Earth's History · ages 11-12

Name ______________________ Date ____________

Which list puts all eight planets in order from the Sun outward?
- Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune
- Mercury, Venus, Mars, Earth, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune
- Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Saturn, Jupiter, Neptune, Uranus
A natural body orbits a planet while both travel around the Sun. Which category describes the body's role?
- Dwarf planet
- Moon
- Planet
Among the eight planets, a greater average distance from the Sun means a longer orbital period.
Circle one: True False
Which set correctly matches all four inner planets to the facts taught in the lesson?
- Mercury: smallest; Venus: hottest; Earth: liquid oceans; Mars: reddish surface.
- Mercury: hottest; Venus: smallest; Earth: reddish surface; Mars: liquid oceans.
- Mercury: liquid oceans; Venus: reddish surface; Earth: smallest; Mars: hottest.
Which comparison correctly describes the usual materials in comets and asteroids?
- Comets are mostly metal; asteroids contain mainly frozen gases and loose ice.
- Comets contain only rock; asteroids contain mainly ice mixed with fine dust.
- Comets contain ice, dust, and rock; asteroids are mostly rocky or metallic.
Check these claims: Jupiter is the largest planet; Saturn has bright, wide rings; Uranus spins almost on its side; Neptune is the closest planet to the Sun. How many claims are correct?
Answer: ______________
Rae says, 'Planets farther from the Sun on average have longer years only because their orbital paths are longer.' Which explanation includes the missing factor?
- Their paths are shorter and their average orbital speeds are lower.
- Their paths are longer and their average orbital speeds are higher.
- Their paths are longer and their average orbital speeds are lower.
Leo says, 'Pluto must be one of the eight planets because it is round and orbits the Sun.' Which check is missing?
- Whether Pluto has a rocky surface with no ice anywhere on it
- Whether Pluto has cleared its orbital neighborhood
- Whether Pluto travels around the Sun in exactly one Earth year

Answer key

For grown-ups. Fold this page away before handing over the rest.

The solar system (age 11+) W1-mt_33RrpbceZE-s1

Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune · The order is Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune. Earth follows Venus, Jupiter follows Mars, and Neptune comes last.
Moon · A natural body orbiting a planet is a moon. Traveling around the Sun along with that planet does not change this role.
True · More distant planets have longer orbital paths and lower average orbital speeds. Both contribute to longer orbital periods.
Mercury: smallest; Venus: hottest; Earth: liquid oceans; Mars: reddish surface. · Mercury is the smallest planet, Venus is the hottest, Earth has liquid oceans, and Mars has a reddish surface. Only one set matches all four facts.
Comets contain ice, dust, and rock; asteroids are mostly rocky or metallic. · Comets contain ice as well as dust and rock. Asteroids are mostly rocky or metallic. A visible tail alone is not a reliable test.
3 · The Jupiter, Saturn, and Uranus claims match the lesson. Neptune is the farthest planet from the Sun, not the closest. Three claims are correct.
Their paths are longer and their average orbital speeds are lower. · Rae identified the longer paths but left out lower average orbital speeds. Traveling a longer path at a lower average speed takes more time, giving these planets longer orbital periods.
Whether Pluto has cleared its orbital neighborhood · Roundness and orbiting the Sun are not the only planet conditions. Pluto has not cleared its orbital neighborhood, so it is a dwarf planet.