Which pair contains a transport change and a policy change that made international exchange easier?

• Larger ships unloading each package by hand and stricter investment controls.
• Standard cargo containers and fewer restrictions on foreign investment.
• Cheaper port equipment and a ban on firms receiving investment from abroad.

What does globalisation mean in this lesson?

• Growing cross-border connections through exchanges of goods, investment and information.
• Growing wage equality as countries adopt the same economic policies.
• Growing national self-sufficiency as firms replace imports with goods produced entirely at home.

A falling poverty rate is enough to establish that income gaps narrowed.

A speaker says, 'Imports lowered clothing prices' and 'Lower prices matter more than protecting local jobs.' Which reading separates a factual claim from a value judgment?

• The price claim can be tested; the priority given to prices is a value judgment.
• Both claims can be tested using price records, since each concerns economic outcomes.
• Both claims express priorities, since views on trade depend on people's experiences.

In a report, a country of 30 million gets three times the weight of a country of 10 million. It compares their price-adjusted average incomes but gives no household data. Which description fits?

• An equally weighted comparison of countries, leaving internal income gaps unmeasured.
• A population-weighted comparison of households, showing income gaps within each of the two countries.
• A population-weighted comparison of country averages, leaving internal income gaps unmeasured.

A jacket is designed in country A and assembled in country B. Its assembly location does not tell you where every production stage happened.

A student values secure jobs. Which argument gives a case for and against a trade agreement and names reliable evidence that could weaken support?

• Export jobs may grow but other jobs may go; better job security would weaken support.
• Export jobs may grow but other jobs may go; growing job security in exporting industries would weaken support.
• Export jobs may grow but other jobs may go; lasting insecurity among displaced workers would weaken support.

Poverty fell while exports grew. Which investigation best tests whether export growth caused the poverty decline?

• Compare export growth and poverty over time, without checking schooling or policy.
• Compare trade exposure and check earlier conditions, schooling, policy and household incomes.
• Compare poverty in exporting and non-exporting towns today, without checking their earlier conditions.