Sets and Functions in the Language of Proof · seed 1 · A4, ink-friendly. The answer key prints on its own page for grown-ups.
En anglais

Proving with sets and functions

Mathematics · Mathematical Thinking · ages 18-19
Name ______________________   Date ____________
  1. Kim says that under f(x) equal to x squared, the preimage of {9} always has exactly one element. Is Kim right?

    Circle one:   True   False

  2. Let f map real numbers to real numbers by f(x) equal to x squared. Which fact shows f is not injective?

    • f(2) equals f(-2), both equal to 4
    • f(0) equals 0
    • f(3) equals 9
    • f(1) equals 1
  3. To prove that two sets A and B are equal by double inclusion, which two containments do you show?

    • Only B inside A, shown twice in a row
    • A inside B and B inside A
    • That both sets are empty
  4. With f(x) equal to x squared, what is the image of the set containing minus 2 and 3?

    • The set containing minus 2 and 3
    • The set containing 2 and 3
    • The set containing 4 and 9
  5. Kim says that under f(x) equal to x squared, the preimage of the set containing 9 holds exactly one element.

    Circle one:   True   False

  6. With f(x) equal to x squared, what is the image of the set {-2, 3} and the preimage of the set {4}?

    • Image {4, 9}; preimage {-2, 2}
    • Image {-2, 3}; preimage {4}
    • Image {4, 9}; preimage {2}
    • Image {2, 3}; preimage {-4, 4}
  7. To prove that A union (B intersect C) equals (A union B) intersect (A union C) by double inclusion, what is the correct first half?

    • Take an arbitrary x in the left hand side and show it lies in the right hand side
    • List every element of A, B and C
    • Assume both sides are empty
    • Prove the converse statement instead
  8. You have shown that every element of the left side lies on the right side. What still remains in a double inclusion proof?

    • The reverse chase back to the left
    • A longer Venn picture
    • A check that both sides are nonempty
  9. Suppose f and g are injective and f(g(a)) equals f(g(b)). What follows?

    • Nothing follows here without several more checks first
    • The composition of f and g must be constant
    • a equals b by injectivity at both layers
  10. Lee proved that the left side sits inside the right side and stopped, then claimed the sets are equal. What is wrong?

    • The reverse containment is still unproved
    • Nothing is wrong, half the proof is enough
    • The two circle Venn picture is required
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Answer key

For grown-ups. Fold this page away before handing over the rest.

Proving with sets and functions W1-mt_XAcHX_3DVz-s1

  1. False · Both -3 and 3 square to 9, so the preimage holds two elements, not one.
  2. f(2) equals f(-2), both equal to 4 · Injective maps never send two different inputs to one output, but 2 and -2 both land on 4.
  3. A inside B and B inside A · Mutual containment means the same elements, which is exactly what equality of sets means.
  4. The set containing 4 and 9 · Push each input forward through squaring: minus 2 gives 4 and 3 gives 9.
  5. False · Both 3 and minus 3 square to 9, so the preimage holds two elements.
  6. Image {4, 9}; preimage {-2, 2} · Squaring gives f(-2) equal to 4 and f(3) equal to 9, while the inputs landing on 4 are -2 and 2.
  7. Take an arbitrary x in the left hand side and show it lies in the right hand side · Double inclusion proves equality by chasing an arbitrary element each way, starting left to right.
  8. The reverse chase back to the left · One direction is only half the job, since equality needs containment both ways.
  9. a equals b by injectivity at both layers · The outer chase gives g(a) equals g(b), then the inner chase gives a equals b.
  10. The reverse containment is still unproved · Equality needs both directions, and Lee only chased one of them.
Worksheet · LightMySky