A resident gives a small amount to support a shared policy. Another gives a large amount hoping to meet the candidate. Which description fits?

• A small donor seeks access; a large donor supports a shared policy
• A small individual donor supports a shared policy; a large individual donor hopes to meet the candidate
• Both residents give large amounts to seek meetings, not to support a shared policy

A campaign raises more money and buys more advertising. Which conclusion is supported?

• It has more money for outreach, but that alone does not show greater voter support
• It has more voter support, because advertising spending measures voter support
• It has changed which issues voters value, because campaign funding determines their political priorities

A reporter checks a candidate's claim against public records. A campaign posts an ad asking for votes. Which description fits?

• The report seeks campaign support; the ad independently checks the claim
• Both messages independently check the claim because both discuss the election
• The report checks evidence; the ad seeks support for the campaign

A campaign sends bus-service ads to commuters and rent-policy ads to renters. What makes this targeting?

• It selects commuters for bus-service messages and renters for rent-policy messages
• It makes conflicting promises whenever the topics differ
• It uses paid advertising rather than relying on news reports

A large donor contributes to a campaign, then asks the elected candidate to support a preferred policy. No promised exchange is shown. What can you conclude?

• The request proves a promised exchange of money for a decision
• The absence of evidence proves that the donor and candidate never made any agreement
• The donor seeks a favorable decision; no agreement is established by this evidence

In the lesson, which arguments do supporters and critics make about caps on direct campaign donations?

• Supporters: caps restrict expression. Critics: caps reduce donor influence.
• Supporters: caps reduce donor influence. Critics: caps restrict expression.
• Supporters: caps protect fair competition. Critics: caps reduce donor influence.

Horse-race election coverage focuses mainly on detailed policy plans.

A hypothetical country caps direct campaign donations but permits outside groups to buy independent ads without campaign coordination. Donors fund those groups instead. What follows?

• Independent ads count as direct donations whenever they support a candidate
• The direct-donation cap also limits outside groups' independent advertising
• Donors use a permitted spending route outside the direct-donation cap