Rock layers and Earth's history · seed 1 · A4, ink-friendly. The answer key prints on its own page for grown-ups.

Rock layers and Earth's history

Science · Earth's Systems · ages 10-11
Name ______________________   Date ____________
  1. Wind and water break a rock into tiny pieces. The pieces pile up and press together. What kind of rock forms?

    • Igneous rock
    • Sedimentary rock
    • Metamorphic rock
  2. Which layer of Earth is a solid ball of metal and the hottest part of the whole planet?

    • Inner core
    • Outer core
    • Mantle
  3. Which layer of Earth is a thick layer of hot rock that flows very slowly, like thick honey?

    • Mantle
    • Outer core
    • Crust
  4. In an undisturbed stack of rock layers, the layer on top is the oldest.

    Circle one:   True   False

  5. A cliff shows 6 flat rock layers, one on top of another, and the stack has never been disturbed. Counting from the top layer down, which number layer is the oldest?

    Answer: ______________

  6. A metamorphic rock melts deep underground. Later, that melted rock cools and hardens. What kind of rock does it become?

    • Sedimentary rock
    • It stays metamorphic rock
    • Igneous rock
  7. These rock layers have never been disturbed and are listed from bottom to top. Which layer formed first?

    Layer WLayer XLayer YLayer Z
    • Layer W
    • Layer Z
    • They all formed at once
  8. Which list shows Earth's layers in order from the center to the outside?

    • Inner core, outer core, mantle, crust
    • Mantle, crust, inner core, outer core
    • Crust, mantle, outer core, inner core
  9. An igneous rock breaks into tiny pieces. The pieces pile up and press into a new rock. Then heat and pressure squeeze that rock without melting it. What kind of rock is it now?

    • Sedimentary rock
    • Metamorphic rock
    • Igneous rock
  10. A cliff has rock layers that have never been disturbed. A fossil shell sits in the layer right below the top layer. That shell is...

    • older than the top layer
    • younger than the top layer
    • the same age as the top layer
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Answer key

For grown-ups. Fold this page away before handing over the rest.

Rock layers and Earth's history W1-mt_0_K-GrKQpd-s1

  1. Sedimentary rock · Tiny pieces that pile up and press together form sedimentary rock.
  2. Inner core · The inner core sits at the very center of Earth. It is a solid ball of metal and the hottest part of the planet.
  3. Mantle · The mantle is the thick layer of hot rock under the crust. It flows very slowly, like thick honey.
  4. False · The bottom layer is the oldest. Each new layer of rock settles on top of the ones that came before.
  5. 6 · The oldest layer is the bottom one. With 6 layers, counting from the top, the bottom layer is number 6.
  6. Igneous rock · Whenever melted rock cools and hardens, it becomes igneous rock, no matter what kind of rock melted.
  7. Layer W · Layer W sits at the bottom, so it was deposited before all the layers above it.
  8. Inner core, outer core, mantle, crust · Starting at the very center and moving outward: inner core, outer core, mantle, then crust.
  9. Metamorphic rock · The pieces first pressed into sedimentary rock, and then heat and pressure, without melting, turned it into metamorphic rock.
  10. older than the top layer · In an undisturbed stack, every layer is older than the layers above it. The shell's layer sits below the top layer, so the shell is older.
Worksheet · LightMySky