Resisting Colonial Rule · seed 1 · A4, ink-friendly. The answer key prints on its own page for grown-ups.

Fighting back against colonial rule

History · World History · ages 16-18
Name ______________________   Date ____________

  1. What was the immediate outcome of Ethiopia's victory at Adwa in 1896?

    • Ethiopia defeated the invasion and preserved its independence at that time.
    • Italy established colonial government in Ethiopia as a result of winning that battle.
    • The victory brought every African territory under an independent African government.

  2. Which set names three resistance methods taught in the lesson?

    • Seizing land, imposing taxes and compelling labour.
    • Armed fighting, refusing to buy and presenting petitions.
    • Collecting tariffs, appointing governors and enforcing labour rules.

  3. Colonial forces often had advantages in weapons, transport and supplies in nineteenth-century conflicts.

    Circle one:   True   False

  4. Which combination helps explain pressure for independence after 1945?

    • Military advantages decided outcomes, while public campaigns had no effect.
    • War strained European powers, while organised movements pressed for independence.
    • Cold War states backed movements equally, while colonial governments stopped using repression against them.

  5. Why could a boycott of imported cloth put economic pressure on sellers?

    • It lowers cloth prices, so buying more imported cloth becomes the protest.
    • It cuts cloth production because buyers stop working in the cloth factories.
    • It can reduce sellers' income when buyers refuse to purchase the imported cloth.

  6. A campaign could demand elected assemblies under colonial rule without demanding immediate independence.

    Circle one:   True   False

  7. A former colony gains formal authority to govern itself but still relies on foreign firms to finance and sell its main exports. Which conclusion fits both facts?

    • Political independence can coexist with continued economic dependence.
    • Political independence must wait until every foreign company has left the country.
    • Export income means the country has gained control over all its economic choices.

  8. A student says, 'Adwa proves that colonial armies could never defeat African forces.' Which response uses the evidence carefully?

    • Adwa proves that weapons and supplies did not affect any other colonial conflict.
    • Adwa proves that European states had abandoned colonial ambitions throughout Africa.
    • Adwa shows conquest could be defeated, but one victory cannot establish the outcome of every war.
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Answer key

For grown-ups. Fold this page away before handing over the rest.

Fighting back against colonial rule W1-mt_7Y5kKzxsBv-s1

  1. Ethiopia defeated the invasion and preserved its independence at that time. · Ethiopia defeated Italy's invasion and remained independent at that time. The victory did not end colonial rule throughout Africa.
  2. Armed fighting, refusing to buy and presenting petitions. · The lesson identifies armed fighting, boycotts and petitions as resistance methods. A boycott means refusing to buy particular goods; a petition presents written demands.
  3. True · These resource advantages helped colonial forces in many conflicts. They did not make victory certain in every case.
  4. War strained European powers, while organised movements pressed for independence. · War strained European powers while mass organisations increased pressure. International support was selective, and some colonial governments still used force.
  5. It can reduce sellers' income when buyers refuse to purchase the imported cloth. · A boycott withholds purchases. Lower sales can reduce sellers' income. Stopping work describes a strike, while buying more cloth contradicts the boycott.
  6. True · A demand for elected assemblies seeks greater representation. Reform within colonial rule and an immediate end to colonial rule are different demands.
  7. Political independence can coexist with continued economic dependence. · The country has political authority but still relies on foreign firms for its main exports. Political independence and economic dependence can therefore coexist.
  8. Adwa shows conquest could be defeated, but one victory cannot establish the outcome of every war. · Adwa demonstrates that conquest was not inevitable. One Ethiopian victory cannot establish the outcome of every other colonial conflict.
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