The Multivariable Chain Rule · seed 1 · A4, ink-friendly. The answer key prints on its own page for grown-ups.

One term per path

Mathematics · Calculus & Analysis · ages 19-20
Name ______________________   Date ____________
  1. Let z=2x+y, x=t² and y=7t. At t=0, dx/dt=0. Sam says this makes dz/dt=0. Is Sam's claim true?

    Circle one:   True   False

  2. Assume x,y are differentiable at t and f is differentiable at (x(t),y(t)). For z=f(x(t),y(t)), where must the outer partials f_x and f_y be evaluated in the chain rule?

    • At (dx/dt, dy/dt).
    • At (x(t), dy/dt).
    • At (x(t), y(t)).
    • At (dx/dt, y(t)).
  3. For differentiable z=f(x,y), x(t) and y(t), which general formula gives dz/dt? Here f_x=∂f/∂x and f_y=∂f/∂y.

    • f_x(dx/dt) - f_y(dy/dt)
    • f_x(dx/dt) + f_y(dy/dt)
    • f_x(dy/dt) + f_y(dx/dt)
  4. Let z = x squared + y squared with x = t and y = 2t. What is dz/dt at t = 1?

    Answer: ______________

  5. Let z=f(x(s,t),y(s,t)). At (s,t)=(a,b), x,y are differentiable; f is differentiable at P=(x(a,b),y(a,b)). At P, f_x=3 and f_y=-2. At (a,b), ∂x/∂s=4 and ∂z/∂s=18. Holding t fixed, find ∂y/∂s at (a,b).

    • -3
    • 3
    • -15
    • 15
  6. Let z=x²+2y², x=s+t and y=st. What is ∂z/∂s at (s,t)=(1,3), with t held fixed?

    Answer: ______________

  7. At a time t0, x(t) and y(t) are differentiable, and f is differentiable at P=(x(t0),y(t0)). At P, f_x=-4 and f_y=3; at t0, dx/dt=2 and dy/dt=-5. For z=f(x(t),y(t)), what is dz/dt at t0?

    Answer: ______________

  8. For differentiable z=f(x,y), x(s,t) and y(s,t), which general formula gives ∂z/∂s while t is fixed? Here f_x=∂f/∂x and f_y=∂f/∂y.

    • f_x(∂x/∂s) + f_y(∂y/∂s)
    • f_x(∂x/∂t) + f_y(∂y/∂t)
    • f_x(∂y/∂s) + f_y(∂x/∂s)
  9. For differentiable z=f(x,y), x(s,t) and y(s,t), Leo claims ∂z/∂s=f_x ∂x/∂t+f_y ∂y/∂t is a valid general chain-rule formula. Is his claim true?

    Circle one:   True   False

  10. Let z = x squared + y with x = t and y = t squared. What is dz/dt at t = 3?

    • 6
    • 18
    • 12
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Answer key

For grown-ups. Fold this page away before handing over the rest.

One term per path W1-mt_CHSHdNxPmJ-s1

  1. False · The x contribution is zero, but the y contribution is 7. Their sum gives dz/dt=7.
  2. At (x(t), y(t)). · Both outer partials use f's input values x(t) and y(t). The inner derivatives are separate multipliers.
  3. f_x(dx/dt) + f_y(dy/dt) · Pair f_x with dx/dt and f_y with dy/dt. Add the two path contributions.
  4. 10 · z = 5t squared, so dz/dt = 10t, which is 10 at t = 1.
  5. -3 · The chain rule gives 18=3(4)-2 ∂y/∂s. Subtract 12 and divide by -2 to obtain -3.
  6. 44 · Here x=4, y=3, ∂x/∂s=1 and ∂y/∂s=3. Thus ∂z/∂s=(2x)(1)+(4y)(3)=8+36=44.
  7. -23 · The contributions are (-4)(2)=-8 and 3(-5)=-15. Their sum is -23.
  8. f_x(∂x/∂s) + f_y(∂y/∂s) · For the s partial, hold t fixed and pair each outer partial with its own intermediate's s partial.
  9. False · Leo's right-hand side calculates ∂z/∂t. The general formula for ∂z/∂s uses the inner s partials.
  10. 12 · dz/dt = 2t + 2t = 4t, which is 12 at t = 3.
Worksheet · LightMySky