Evaluating Real Integrals by Residues · seed 1 · A4, ink-friendly. The answer key prints on its own page for grown-ups.

Close the line and read residues

Mathematics · Complex Analysis · ages 21-22
Name ______________________   Date ____________
  1. The residue of one divided by (one plus z squared) at i is one divided by twice i. The real integral over the line equals two pi i times that residue. What multiple of pi is the result?

    Answer: ______________

  2. To evaluate the integral of 1 divided by (1 + x squared) over the whole line by residues, how do you close the contour?

    • Close with a unit semicircle kept at fixed radius
    • Replace the real line by the unit circle
    • Add a large upper semicircle and let its radius tend to infinity
    • Close below but drop the orientation sign
  3. To take 1 over 1 plus x squared over the whole line, how do you close the contour?

    • Close with a unit semicircle kept at fixed radius
    • Replace the real line by the unit circle
    • Add a large upper semicircle and let its radius tend to infinity
  4. Jordan lemma discards the large arc for e to the i a z with positive a closed upwards.

    Circle one:   True   False

  5. A simple pole sits on the contour and its residue is five plus one. Indenting around it counts half the residue. What is the contribution?

    Answer: ______________

  6. You close a positive frequency oscillation downwards. What goes wrong?

    • The arc explodes instead of vanishing
    • The arc still vanishes exactly as before
    • The poles move to the other half plane
  7. When the contour is closed in the upper half-plane, which poles contribute residues?

    • Exactly the poles strictly inside the closed contour
    • Every pole of the integrand anywhere
    • Only the poles on the real axis
    • Only the poles in the lower half-plane
  8. Indenting around a simple pole on the contour with a small semicircle counts half the full residue, with sign by detour direction. True or false?

    Circle one:   True   False

  9. Your detour rounds a boundary pole clockwise. What weight does it bring?

    • Plus one full residue as usual
    • Minus half from the clockwise mini loop
    • Nothing, boundary poles never count
  10. What is the integral over the whole line of 1 divided by (1 + x to the fourth)?

    • pi divided by root 2
    • pi
    • 2 pi
    • 0
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Answer key

For grown-ups. Fold this page away before handing over the rest.

Close the line and read residues W1-mt_Lj_HXtjzAh-s1

  1. 1 · Two pi i times one divided by twice i simplifies to pi, which is one times pi.
  2. Add a large upper semicircle and let its radius tend to infinity · A growing upper semicircle captures the upper pole while its own contribution vanishes.
  3. Add a large upper semicircle and let its radius tend to infinity · A growing upper arc swallows the upper poles while its own share dies.
  4. True · The exponential decays upstairs, crushing the arc integral.
  5. 3 · Half of six is three.
  6. The arc explodes instead of vanishing · Upstairs decay turns into downstairs growth once the sign flips.
  7. Exactly the poles strictly inside the closed contour · The residue theorem counts precisely the enclosed poles.
  8. True · True. Half a winding gives half the residue, signed by orientation.
  9. Minus half from the clockwise mini loop · Clockwise mini detours carry a negative half weight.
  10. pi divided by root 2 · The two upper residues sum to minus i times root 2 over 4, and 2 pi i times that is pi divided by root 2.
Worksheet · LightMySky