Parallel transport, Christoffel symbols and the geodesic equation · seed 1 · A4, ink-friendly. The answer key prints on its own page for grown-ups.

Carrying arrows on curved ground

Science · Astronomy & Astrophysics · ages 23-24
Name ______________________   Date ____________
  1. For the polar metric g=diag(1,r²) in coordinates (r,θ), use Γ^r_{θθ}=−(1/2)∂_r g_{θθ}. What is this symbol at r=5?

    • 5, with the derivative sign reversed
    • −10, without the factor 1/2
    • −5
  2. How can you compare vectors at two different points using a connection?

    • Compare their coordinate components without a path
    • Transport one along a chosen path
    • Treat their coordinate labels as the transport rule
  3. With an affine parameter, a geodesic parallel-transports its own tangent.

    Circle one:   True   False

  4. Use dimensionless radius r and affine parameter λ, with θ measured in radians. Dots mean λ derivatives. For r¨−r(θ˙)²=0, r=2 and θ˙=3, what is r¨?

    • 6
    • 18
    • −18
  5. In the flat polar metric g=diag(1,r²), r=4, V^θ=2 and ∂_θ V^r=0 at a point. What is ∇_θ V^r?

    • −8
    • 0, from the component derivative alone
    • 8, from changing the correction's sign
  6. What does the affine geodesic equation set to zero?

    • Every coordinate velocity along the entire path
    • The metric components along the entire path
    • Coordinate acceleration plus its connection term
  7. In a flat plane, a path has fixed polar radius r>0 and constant θ˙≠0. Is it a geodesic?

    • Yes, because the radius remains fixed throughout
    • No; −r(θ˙)² is nonzero
    • Yes, because polar coordinate lines are all geodesics
  8. An ideal freely falling capsule has nonzero coordinate acceleration. What can its onboard accelerometer read?

    • Zero proper acceleration
    • The coordinate acceleration in every coordinate system
    • A force caused solely by changing coordinate labels
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Answer key

For grown-ups. Fold this page away before handing over the rest.

Carrying arrows on curved ground W1-mt_bUEL2R91Vy-s1

  1. −5 · Differentiate r² to get 2r. At r=5, the derivative is 10, so Γ^r_{θθ}=−10/2=−5.
  2. Transport one along a chosen path · The connection provides transport along a path, bringing the vectors into the same tangent space.
  3. True · The affine geodesic equation sets the tangent's covariant derivative to zero.
  4. 18 · Rearrange to r¨=r(θ˙)²=2×3²=18. With the stated dimensionless convention, r¨ has no units.
  5. −8 · V^θ is an upper-index component. Use ∇_θ V^r=∂_θ V^r−r V^θ=0−4×2=−8.
  6. Coordinate acceleration plus its connection term · The two terms form the tangent's covariant derivative along the path.
  7. No; −r(θ˙)² is nonzero · Fixed radius gives r¨=0, leaving a nonzero radial geodesic residual.
  8. Zero proper acceleration · A geodesic has zero proper acceleration even when its coordinate acceleration is nonzero.
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