Engineered Cell Therapy: Receptor Design, Manufacture and Toxicity · seed 1 · A4, ink-friendly. The answer key prints on its own page for grown-ups.

Receptors you build, cells you send back

Science · The Human Body · ages 23-24
Name ______________________   Date ____________

  1. Where do the receptor head and tails come from?

    • Head from signaling chains, tails from antibodies
    • Head from antibody binding regions, tails from signaling chains
    • Both parts from viral coat proteins

  2. What path does engineered T-cell manufacture follow?

    • Cells out, gene inserted by vector, product checked, cells returned
    • Gene injected directly into the tumour
    • Donor cells given with no modification

  3. Poor cell expansion during manufacture is only a logistics problem, not a treatment failure.

    Circle one:   True   False

  4. Why have solid tumours proved harder targets than B-cell cancers?

    • They lack a uniform flag like CD19
    • Their cells cannot be collected
    • Viral vectors cannot enter solid tissue

  5. Swapping the signaling tails changes the therapy. What does it change?

    • Whether a vector is needed
    • Which marker the cell finds
    • How hard the cell fires and how long it survives

  6. Healthy B cells die alongside the tumour during therapy. Why?

    • The vector infected them by mistake
    • They carry the same marker the receptor head aims at
    • The returned cells attack at random

  7. A proposal aims the receptor at a marker shared with vital healthy tissue. What is your verdict?

    • Reject the target choice: severe off-tumour hitting is predictable
    • Approve it for solid tumours only
    • Approve it, since firing can be tuned later

  8. You strengthen the signaling tails for a hotter response. What toxicity should you predict?

    • Loss of the antibody head
    • Weaker engraftment of the cells
    • A greater storm of released cytokines
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Answer key

For grown-ups. Fold this page away before handing over the rest.

Receptors you build, cells you send back W1-mt_e15TOnMMwL-s1

  1. Head from antibody binding regions, tails from signaling chains · The antibody head aims; the signaling tails fire and sustain the cell.
  2. Cells out, gene inserted by vector, product checked, cells returned · Each batch travels out of the body and back as a living medicine.
  3. False · Too few fit cells returned means the therapy itself fails.
  4. They lack a uniform flag like CD19 · Without a marker on nearly every tumour cell, the borrowed head has nowhere reliable to aim.
  5. How hard the cell fires and how long it survives · Tails set firing strength and persistence, which is dosage in DNA.
  6. They carry the same marker the receptor head aims at · On-target off-tumour loss follows directly from a shared marker.
  7. Reject the target choice: severe off-tumour hitting is predictable · A shared marker guarantees healthy hits, so the design bills you upfront.
  8. A greater storm of released cytokines · Harder firing drives greater cytokine release by design.
Worksheet · LightMySky