The Epsilon-Delta Definition of a Limit · seed 1 · A4, ink-friendly. The answer key prints on its own page for grown-ups.

Promises with epsilon and delta

Mathematics · Calculus & Analysis · ages 18-19
Name ______________________   Date ____________
  1. Which sentence states that the limit of f(x) as x tends to a is L?

    • For every epsilon above 0 there is a delta above 0 with 0 < |x - a| < delta giving |f(x) - L| < epsilon
    • For every delta there is an epsilon with 0 < |x - a| < delta giving |f(x) - L| < epsilon
    • There is one epsilon so that |x - a| < 1 gives |f(x) - L| < epsilon
  2. Let f(x) = 2x + 5. We know the limit of f(x) as x approaches 1 is 7. For the tolerance epsilon = 0.1, what positive value of delta works in the definition? Give your answer as a decimal.

    Answer: ______________

  3. Which statement is the correct epsilon-delta meaning of 'the limit of f(x) as x approaches a is L'?

    • For every delta there is an epsilon with 0 less than |x - a| less than delta implying |f(x) - L| less than epsilon
    • There is one epsilon so that 0 less than |x - a| less than 1 implies |f(x) - L| less than epsilon
    • For every epsilon greater than 0 there is a delta greater than 0 so that 0 less than |x - a| less than delta implies |f(x) - L| less than epsilon
    • For every epsilon there is a delta so that |x - a| less than delta implies f(x) equals L
  4. Someone claims a limit is L. In the definition, which value is picked before anything else?

    • The distance delta around a
    • The tolerance epsilon around L
    • The value f(a) at the point
  5. Why does the definition of a limit require the statement to work for every epsilon, instead of just one small epsilon?

    • Because epsilon must always be smaller than delta
    • Because the challenger could demand any level of closeness to L, so a single epsilon leaves most demands unanswered
    • Because delta is usually larger than epsilon
    • Because the value f(a) is never known
  6. To prove the limit of 3x + 1 as x approaches 1 is 4, it is enough to show that one small epsilon, say 0.001, has a working delta.

    Circle one:   True   False

  7. Let f(x) = 4x - 3, and take the limit as x approaches 2, which is 5. A classmate is challenged with epsilon = 0.02. Which delta gives a complete answer?

    • 0.08
    • 0.005
    • 0.02
    • 0.5
  8. Showing one small epsilon with a working delta proves a limit.

    Circle one:   True   False

  9. To prove 3x + 1 tends to 7 as x tends to 2 for an arbitrary epsilon, which delta completes the proof?

    • 3 times epsilon
    • epsilon / 3
    • epsilon + 3
  10. Let f(x) = x squared, with limit 0 as x tends to 0. For epsilon = 0.25, give the largest delta that works.

    Answer: ______________

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Answer key

For grown-ups. Fold this page away before handing over the rest.

Promises with epsilon and delta W1-mt_jFzRYQzCmk-s1

  1. For every epsilon above 0 there is a delta above 0 with 0 < |x - a| < delta giving |f(x) - L| < epsilon · Only this sentence puts every epsilon first, delta second, and both inequalities in place.
  2. 0.05 · For a line with slope 2, the output error is twice the input error, so halve the tolerance: delta = 0.1 / 2 = 0.05.
  3. For every epsilon greater than 0 there is a delta greater than 0 so that 0 less than |x - a| less than delta implies |f(x) - L| less than epsilon · The correct form is: for every epsilon greater than 0 there is a delta greater than 0 such that 0 less than |x - a| less than delta forces |f(x) - L| less than epsilon.
  4. The tolerance epsilon around L · Epsilon is the challenge and comes first. Delta is your response to it.
  5. Because the challenger could demand any level of closeness to L, so a single epsilon leaves most demands unanswered · The definition promises that outputs can be kept as close to L as anyone demands. 'Every epsilon' covers all possible demands; one epsilon covers only one.
  6. False · False. The definition demands a working delta for EVERY epsilon greater than 0. Handling one epsilon, even a tiny one, says nothing about the rest.
  7. 0.005 · The slope is 4, so output error is 4 times input error. The needed delta is epsilon over the slope: 0.02 / 4 = 0.005.
  8. False · The definition needs every epsilon. One epsilon leaves every other demand unanswered.
  9. epsilon / 3 · The output error is 3|x - 2|, so dividing epsilon by 3 keeps it below epsilon.
  10. 0.5 · Need x squared below 0.25, so |x| below sqrt(0.25) = 0.5.
Worksheet · LightMySky