Only enemies, like predators and prey, can co-evolve. Partners that help each other cannot.

Circle one:   True   False

The Red Queen tells Alice she must keep running just to stay in the same place. Which situation in nature matches her world best?

• A rabbit napping safely in its burrow all afternoon
• A cheetah and a gazelle each getting faster over the generations, while the chase stays just as close
• A tortoise that never hurries and still outlives its rivals

In the Red Queen's world, Alice must keep running just to stay in the same place. In nature, what is the 'running' that species must keep doing?

• Evolving new tricks, just to stay even with their rivals
• Sprinting away from predators every single day
• Travelling to a new home each season

Which of these pairs is a classic example of a predator-prey evolutionary arms race?

• A tree growing tall to reach sunlight
• Cheetah speed vs gazelle speed
• A cactus storing water in its stem

In one moth population, 10 out of 40 moths could hear bat calls. After many generations of bats hunting them, 30 out of 40 can. How many more of the 40 moths can hear the calls now?

Answer: ______________

A cold virus spreads between children at a school. Which version of the virus would spread the furthest?

• One that makes children so ill they stay home in bed for weeks
• One that keeps children mildly sniffly, so they still come to school and meet friends
• One that only lives on the classroom plants

Myxomatosis is a virus that infects rabbits. Over time the virus evolved to spread more easily, and rabbits evolved resistance to it. What kind of co-evolution is this?

• No co-evolution, only the rabbits changed
• Parasite-host co-evolution
• Mutualistic co-evolution

A sickness sweeps through a lake's fish. A few fish carry a natural defence against it. Many years later, almost all the fish in the lake have the defence. How did it spread?

• The fish that fought off the sickness taught the others how to do it
• The sickness grew too weak to hurt any fish at all
• Fish with the defence survived and raised more young, who inherited it

The lesson says co-evolution is a major reason life on Earth became so varied. How does that work?

• Variety appears only when species move to new planets
• Species keep inventing new tricks to answer each other, and all those different tricks add up to huge variety
• Every species copies the same single best trick, so they all end up alike

Zara reads about rough-skinned newts that keep evolving stronger poison, while the garter snakes that eat them keep evolving stronger resistance. She says one side must win soon. What does the Red Queen Hypothesis say?

• Both sides will keep changing, so neither stays ahead for long
• The newt will win, because poison always beats resistance
• The snake will win, because predators always evolve faster