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Capacitance and the Energy Stored in a Capacitor

Capacitance is the charge a component holds per volt across it. Because the charge builds as the voltage rises, the stored energy is half of QV, the area under the charge-voltage line.

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What a learner can do afterwards

  • Uses C = Q over V and works comfortably in microfarads and nanofarads
  • Finds the stored energy from the area under a charge-voltage graph and from half CV squared
  • Explains why the energy is not QV, arguing from the graph rather than from the formula

1 · Read

Capacitance is the charge a part holds per volt: C equals Q over V, in farads. Real labels use microfarads and nanofarads, meaning ten to the minus six and ten to the minus nine.

Try it together

A defibrillator stores hundreds of joules in a capacitor, then delivers the charge at once. The same idea keeps a calculator's memory alive and fires a camera flash.

Stored energy is half of Q V, which also reads half C V squared or Q squared over 2 C. It is not Q V, because the first charge arrives at zero volts and the last at full volts, so the average is V over 2.

Good to know

Read the energy as the area of a triangle under the charge against voltage line, not a rectangle. Doubling the voltage quadruples the stored energy, since V is squared.

Capacitors hold charge per volt, and filling them banks half of Q V.

2 · Watch

Take it off screen

Print a worksheetA4 with an answer key page for grown-ups. No screen, no internet.

Where it sits

Where this leads

Jobs that lean on this skill. Follow one to see everything it is built on.

Then practise

8 questions wait behind this lesson, each with its answer explained. Every answer feeds the sky: stars light as they are learned, and dim when it is time to come back.

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Capacitance and the Energy Stored in a Capacitor · Science, ages 16 to 18 · LightMySky