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Resistivity and What Sets a Wire's Resistance

A wire's resistance grows with its length and falls with its cross-section, and dividing out both leaves a number belonging to the material alone. That number is why copper is used for cables and why a strain gauge works at all.

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What a learner can do afterwards

  • Predicts how resistance changes when a wire is stretched, doubled in length or swapped for a thicker one
  • Calculates a resistivity from measurements of resistance, length and diameter, with the diameter squared handled correctly
  • Compares two materials by resistivity and says which suits a heating element and which a connecting lead

1 · Read

One wire owns its drag; its stuff owns a deeper mark. The tie is R as rho L by A. Twice the run means twice the drag; twice the cut means half.

Try it together

Stretch a wire to twice its run at same cut and drag doubles. Fold it back to half run with twin cut and drag drops to a fourth. Small shifts in width swing wide since cut grows with width squared.

Heat turns use high-mark blends such as nichrome, which turn flow into glow. Links use low-mark copper that wastes scant power. Big rho fits fires; small rho fits links.

Good to know

To weigh stuff, log drag, run, and width, then work rho as R A by L. Gauge width with fine jaws and square with care. Long, thin, hot, or high-mark lines all lift drag.

Long, thin, hot, or high-mark lines all lift drag, and rho alone tells which stuff fits which post.

2 · Watch

Take it off screen

Print a worksheetA4 with an answer key page for grown-ups. No screen, no internet.

Where it sits

Where this leads

Jobs that lean on this skill. Follow one to see everything it is built on.

Then practise

8 questions wait behind this lesson, each with its answer explained. Every answer feeds the sky: stars light as they are learned, and dim when it is time to come back.

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Resistivity and What Sets a Wire's Resistance · Science, ages 16 to 17 · LightMySky