Sun-Driven Weather Systems
Understand how the Sun drives weather: the Sun heats Earth's surface unevenly (land heats faster than water, equator gets more heat than poles), creating differences in air pressure that cause wind patterns, ocean currents, and large-scale weather systems
What a learner can do afterwards
- Explain that the Sun heats land and water at different rates
- Describe how temperature differences create air pressure differences that drive wind
- Connect uneven heating to large-scale weather patterns
1 · Read
The beach example showed warm air rising and a breeze coming in from the sea. The energy comes from the Sun. Land usually heats and cools faster than the ocean. Water needs more energy to warm by the same amount, and mixing spreads heat through it. Uneven heating helps start winds.
Air pressure comes from the weight of air above a place. In a sea breeze, the land heats faster than the sea. Air over land warms, expands and rises, and air flows away higher up. This leaves lower pressure near the ground over land than over the cooler sea. The pressure difference pushes surface air from sea to land. Other winds can change or hide this local breeze.
On a sunny afternoon, hot sand warms the air above it. In a sea breeze, lower pressure forms near the ground over land. Cooler air flows inland from higher pressure over the sea.
Near the Equator, sunlight is more direct. Near the poles, it arrives at a lower angle and spreads over more ground. This uneven heating helps drive large wind patterns. Winds push many surface ocean currents. Earth's rotation also shapes their paths; temperature and saltiness help drive deep currents.
Uneven solar heating helps create pressure differences and winds. Moving air and ocean water carry heat around Earth.
Rewritten readings were written for this dataset.
2 · Watch
Take it off screen
Where it sits
Where this leads
Jobs that lean on this skill. Follow one to see everything it is built on.
8 questions wait behind this lesson, each with its answer explained. Every answer feeds the sky: stars light as they are learned, and dim when it is time to come back.