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Correlation vs Causation

Two things happening together doesn't mean one caused the other — recognise the difference between correlation and causation before drawing conclusions

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What a learner can do afterwards

  • developmental changes in children's recognition of evidence relevance to causal explanations
  • causal learning research

The lesson

Sometimes two things happen at the same time, or one follows right after the other. It's easy to think one made the other happen. But that's not always true. When two things just happen together, we call that a correlation.

Causation is different. Causation means one thing truly makes the other happen. Two things can be correlated without either one causing the other.

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Ice cream sales and sunburns both go up in summer. That's a correlation, not one causing the other.
Try it together

Many kids who eat breakfast also get good grades. Does breakfast cause good grades? Maybe, but maybe those kids also get more sleep, and sleep helps grades too. There could be another reason behind both.

Good to know

Before you say one thing caused another, ask yourself: could something else explain both things?

Two things happening together doesn't prove one caused the other. Always look for another explanation.

Watch it

Where it sits

Where this leads

Jobs that lean on this skill. Follow one to see everything it is built on.

Then practise

8 questions wait behind this lesson, each with its answer explained. Every answer feeds the sky: stars light as they are learned, and dim when it is time to come back.

Correlation vs Causation · Science, ages 8 to 10 · LightMySky