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What a 14-year-old learns

144 topics open up at age 14, across 8 subjects. They are listed in the order they build on each other, not by importance: each one needs the ones above it.

age 13
What should a 14-year-old be learning?

At age 14, 144 topics open up across Science, English, Mathematics, Civics & Economics, History, Geography, Personal & Social Development, Design & Technology. Each one has prerequisites that come first, so the order matters more than the list: Moments, Pressure & Hooke's Law is a typical starting point.

How do I know what a 14-year-old already knows?

LightMySky starts by assuming everything below the learner’s level is already known, then checks the assumption as they practise. What holds up stays lit; what does not comes back for review.

Science

  1. Moments, Pressure & Hooke's LawForces & Motion
  2. Ceramics, Polymers & CompositesMatter & Materials
  3. Anaerobic RespirationOrganisms & Life Processes
  4. Body Temperature RegulationOrganisms & Life Processes
  5. Pathogens & the Immune SystemOrganisms & Life Processes
  6. Assessing Hazards and RisksScientific Inquiry
  7. Scientific Quantities and UnitsScientific Inquiry
  8. Life Cycle of a StarSpace Systems & Earth's History
  9. Where Elements Come FromSpace Exploration
  10. Journey to MarsSpace Exploration
  11. Effects of Drugs & AlcoholOrganisms & Life Processes
  12. Analog and Digital SignalsWaves, Light & Sound
  13. Motors & the Motor EffectForces & Motion
  14. Electromagnetic Induction and GeneratorsEnergy
  15. The Reactivity SeriesMatter & Materials
  16. How the Body Stays in BalanceThe Human Body
  17. Predator Loss and Ecosystem EffectsOcean Life
  18. Deep-Ocean Exploration TechnologyOcean Life
  19. Reading Ancient Climate RecordsWeather & Climate
  20. DNA & GenesThe Human Body
  21. Cancer & Stem CellsThe Human Body
  22. Genetic MutationEcosystems & Habitats
  23. Biodiversity & ResilienceEcosystems & Habitats
  24. Predicting Inherited TraitsEcosystems & Habitats
  25. The Biodiversity CrisisAnimals of the World
  26. Grouping Species Using DNAAnimals of the World
  27. Earth's Atmosphere & CO2Matter & Materials
  28. Finite Resources & RecyclingMatter & Materials
  29. Renewable vs non-renewable energyEnergy
  30. Net Zero & Energy TransitionWeather & Climate
  31. How Natural Selection WorksEcosystems & Habitats
  32. Evidence for EvolutionEcosystems & Habitats
  33. Extinction & Rapid ChangeEcosystems & Habitats
  34. Mass Extinctions in Earth HistoryDinosaurs & Paleontology
  35. Megafauna Extinction & De-ExtinctionDinosaurs & Paleontology
  36. Writing Science ReportsScientific Inquiry
  37. Reconstructing Ancient EcosystemsDinosaurs & Paleontology
  38. The Rock CycleMatter & Materials
  39. Hazard Assessment & EvacuationVolcanoes & Earthquakes
  40. Volcanoes & Mass ExtinctionsVolcanoes & Earthquakes

English

  1. Applying Spelling Rules to Complex WordsSpelling & Word Study
  2. Comparing Texts Across MediaReading Comprehension
  3. Tracing Theme Across a TextReading Comprehension
  4. Speaking Formally and Giving PresentationsSpeaking & Listening
  5. Multimedia in PresentationsSpeaking & Listening
  6. Advanced Punctuation for ClarityGrammar & Punctuation
  7. Analysing Text StructureReading Comprehension
  8. Purpose, audience, and contextReading Comprehension
  9. Vocabulary StrategiesVocabulary
  10. Academic VocabularyVocabulary
  11. Types of SentencesGrammar & Punctuation
  12. Following Multi-Step ProceduresReading Comprehension
  13. Analysing Connections in Informational TextsReading Comprehension
  14. Digital Writing and PublishingWriting Composition
  15. Advanced Collaborative DiscussionsSpeaking & Listening
  16. Literary and Language TerminologyGrammar & Punctuation
  17. Verb Voice and MoodGrammar & Punctuation
  18. Grammar for EffectGrammar & Punctuation
  19. Verbals: Gerunds, Participles and InfinitivesGrammar & Punctuation
  20. Critical comparison across textsReading Comprehension
  21. Wide Independent Reading Across GenresReading Comprehension
  22. Planning, Revising and Editing WritingWriting Composition
  23. Using and Evaluating Textual EvidenceReading Comprehension
  24. Evaluating Arguments in Non-FictionReading Comprehension
  25. Figurative Language and Literary DevicesReading Comprehension
  26. Plot Structure and Character DevelopmentReading Comprehension
  27. Narrative Perspective and Unreliable NarratorsReading Comprehension
  28. Poetic forms and conventionsReading Comprehension
  29. Understanding drama and performanceReading Comprehension
  30. Advanced Figurative LanguageVocabulary
  31. Performing Scripts & PoetrySpeaking & Listening
  32. Cohesion and Transitions Across WritingWriting Composition
  33. Developed Informational and Explanatory WritingWriting Composition
  34. Research & Source EvaluationWriting Composition
  35. Writing Character & DialogueWriting Composition
  36. Writing Across GenresWriting Composition
  37. Writing Techniques for EffectWriting Composition
  38. Persuasive WritingWriting Composition
  39. Formal DebatesSpeaking & Listening

Mathematics

  1. Angles in triangles (age 12+)Geometry
  2. Angles with parallel linesGeometry
  3. Understanding angles (age 12+)Geometry
  4. Square and cube numbersNumber Representation & Place Value
  5. Estimating by roundingNumber Representation & Place Value
  6. Powers of Ten NotationNumber Representation & Place Value
  7. Number Sets & InfinityNumber Representation & Place Value
  8. Angles in triangles (age 11+)Geometry
  9. Circles: Circumference & AreaGeometry
  10. Angle sums in triangles and polygonsGeometry
  11. Coordinate TransformationsGeometry
  12. Generating SequencesAlgebra
  13. Solving Linear EquationsAlgebra
  14. Numbers on a number lineAlgebra
  15. Laws of ExponentsAlgebra
  16. Linear Function GraphsAlgebra
  17. Nth-Term RulesAlgebra
  18. Simple formulaeAlgebra
  19. Types of angles (age 13+)Geometry
  20. Trigonometry basicsGeometry
  21. Plotting Linear GraphsAlgebra
  22. Expanding Double BracketsAlgebra
  23. Quadratic GraphsAlgebra
  24. Estimating answers (age 13+)Algebra
  25. Simultaneous EquationsAlgebra
  26. Proportion GraphsRatio & Proportion
  27. Proportional Reasoning VocabularyRatio & Proportion
  28. Coordinates (age 12+)Geometry
  29. Percentages (age 12+)Ratio & Proportion
  30. Ratio Notation and RelationshipsRatio & Proportion
  31. ProportionRatio & Proportion
  32. Compound UnitsRatio & Proportion
  33. Sets & Venn DiagramsProbability
  34. Tree diagramsProbability
  35. Scatter Graphs & CorrelationData & Statistics
  36. Scatter GraphsData & Statistics
  37. Two-Way TablesData & Statistics
  38. Using a Calculator WellMathematical Thinking

Civics & Economics

  1. How Markets WorkEconomics
  2. Money, Banking and Interest RatesEconomics
  3. Inflation, Unemployment and GrowthEconomics
  4. Trade Policy and BarriersEconomics
  5. Constitutions and Separation of PowersGovernment
  6. Democratic Ideals and Founding DocumentsGovernment
  7. Parties, Interest Groups and the MediaGovernment
  8. Citizens in Public LifeCitizenship in Action
  9. Deliberation and Democratic Decision-MakingCitizenship in Action
  10. Public Policy and Public ProblemsCitizenship in Action

History

  1. Change and ContinuityHistorical Thinking
  2. Historical SignificanceHistorical Thinking
  3. Weighing Historical CausesHistorical Thinking
  4. Who Really Built the PyramidsAncient Egypt
  5. Fall of Ancient Egyptian CivilisationAncient Egypt
  6. Fall of the Roman RepublicAncient Greece & Rome

Geography

  1. Thematic Maps and GISMaps & Globes
  2. Comparing World RegionsPlaces & Regions
  3. Environmental Change and ConflictPeople & Environments
  4. Geography of World TradePeople & Environments
  5. Settlements, Movement and ConnectionsPeople & Environments

Personal & Social Development

  1. Global CitizenshipEmpathy & Social Awareness
  2. Leadership Styles and InfluenceFriendship & Cooperation
  3. Emotional IntelligenceEmotional Literacy
  4. Growth Through AdversitySelf-Regulation & Resilience
  5. Ethical Frameworks and Moral ReasoningResponsible Decision-Making

Design & Technology

  1. Iterative Design and PrototypingDesigning & Making
What a 14-year-old learns · LightMySky