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What a 12-year-old learns

102 topics open up at age 12, across 6 subjects. They are listed in the order they build on each other, not by importance: each one needs the ones above it.

age 11age 13
What should a 12-year-old be learning?

At age 12, 102 topics open up across Science, Mathematics, English, Personal & Social Development, History, Civics & Economics. Each one has prerequisites that come first, so the order matters more than the list: Deformation & Fluid Pressure is a typical starting point.

How do I know what a 12-year-old already knows?

LightMySky starts by assuming everything below the learner’s level is already known, then checks the assumption as they practise. What holds up stays lit; what does not comes back for review.

Science

  1. Deformation & Fluid PressureForces & Motion
  2. Moments, Pressure & Hooke's LawForces & Motion
  3. Newton's First & Second LawsForces & Motion
  4. Investigating ForcesForces & Motion
  5. Newton's Third LawForces & Motion
  6. How Diffusion WorksOrganisms & Life Processes
  7. Gas Exchange & BreathingOrganisms & Life Processes
  8. Aerobic RespirationOrganisms & Life Processes
  9. Anaerobic RespirationOrganisms & Life Processes
  10. Body Temperature RegulationOrganisms & Life Processes
  11. Pathogens & the Immune SystemOrganisms & Life Processes
  12. Plant ReproductionOrganisms & Life Processes
  13. Tables, charts, and graphsScientific Inquiry
  14. Universal GravitationSpace Systems & Earth's History
  15. Galaxies and the universeSpace Systems & Earth's History
  16. Where Elements Come FromSpace Exploration
  17. Gut Bacteria & DigestionOrganisms & Life Processes
  18. Heart Structure & Double CirculationOrganisms & Life Processes
  19. Drawing Ray DiagramsWaves, Light & Sound
  20. Ray Diagrams & ImagesWaves, Light & Sound
  21. The Electromagnetic SpectrumWaves, Light & Sound
  22. Waves & Different MaterialsWaves, Light & Sound
  23. ElectromagnetsForces & Motion
  24. Electromagnetic Induction and GeneratorsEnergy
  25. Ohm's Law: voltage, current, resistanceEnergy
  26. Series vs parallel circuitsEnergy
  27. Orbital MechanicsSpace Exploration
  28. Types of Chemical ReactionMatter & Materials
  29. The Reactivity SeriesMatter & Materials
  30. Reactions That Release or Absorb HeatMatter & Materials
  31. Conduction, convection, and radiationEnergy
  32. Efficiency, Sankey diagrams, and work doneEnergy
  33. Heating experiments and Q = mcΔTEnergy
  34. Power: watts and energy per secondEnergy
  35. Human ReproductionOrganisms & Life Processes
  36. How the Body Stays in BalanceThe Human Body
  37. Predator Loss and Ecosystem EffectsOcean Life
  38. Coral Bleaching & AcidificationOcean Life
  39. Acids, Alkalis & pHMatter & Materials
  40. Acid Reactions & SaltsMatter & Materials
  41. Reading Ancient Climate RecordsWeather & Climate
  42. Hurricanes, Tornadoes & MonsoonsWeather & Climate
  43. Chromosomes, Genes & DNAEcosystems & Habitats
  44. DNA & GenesThe Human Body
  45. Genetic MutationEcosystems & Habitats
  46. Species Distribution & ChangeEcosystems & Habitats
  47. Biodiversity & ResilienceEcosystems & Habitats
  48. Toxins Building Up in Food ChainsEcosystems & Habitats
  49. Variation in SpeciesEcosystems & Habitats
  50. Deep-Sea SurvivalAnimals of the World
  51. Sexual SelectionAnimals of the World
  52. The Biodiversity CrisisAnimals of the World
  53. The Carbon CycleEcosystems & Habitats
  54. Earth's Atmosphere & CO2Matter & Materials
  55. Finite Resources & RecyclingMatter & Materials
  56. Renewable vs non-renewable energyEnergy
  57. How Natural Selection WorksEcosystems & Habitats
  58. Evidence for EvolutionEcosystems & Habitats
  59. Extinction & Rapid ChangeEcosystems & Habitats
  60. Mass Extinctions in Earth HistoryDinosaurs & Paleontology
  61. Drawing conclusions from evidence (age 12+)Scientific Inquiry
  62. Reconstructing Ancient EcosystemsDinosaurs & Paleontology
  63. The Rock CycleMatter & Materials
  64. Hazard Assessment & EvacuationVolcanoes & Earthquakes
  65. Supervolcanoes & Volcanic WinterVolcanoes & Earthquakes

Mathematics

  1. Angles in triangles (age 12+)Geometry
  2. Angles with parallel linesGeometry
  3. Understanding angles (age 12+)Geometry
  4. Estimating by roundingNumber Representation & Place Value
  5. Powers of Ten NotationNumber Representation & Place Value
  6. Circles: Circumference & AreaGeometry
  7. Factorising ExpressionsAlgebra
  8. Laws of ExponentsAlgebra
  9. Linear Function GraphsAlgebra
  10. Nth-Term RulesAlgebra
  11. Simple formulaeAlgebra
  12. Plotting Linear GraphsAlgebra
  13. Coordinates (age 12+)Geometry
  14. Percentages (age 12+)Ratio & Proportion
  15. Ratio Notation and RelationshipsRatio & Proportion
  16. ProportionRatio & Proportion
  17. Sets & Venn DiagramsProbability
  18. Tree diagramsProbability
  19. Venn Diagrams and Counting OutcomesProbability
  20. Two-Way TablesData & Statistics

English

  1. Comparing Texts Across MediaReading Comprehension
  2. Multimedia in PresentationsSpeaking & Listening
  3. Analysing Connections in Informational TextsReading Comprehension
  4. Advanced Collaborative DiscussionsSpeaking & Listening
  5. Verb Voice and MoodGrammar & Punctuation
  6. Verbals: Gerunds, Participles and InfinitivesGrammar & Punctuation
  7. Formal DebatesSpeaking & Listening

Personal & Social Development

  1. Sympathy Versus EmpathyEmpathy & Social Awareness
  2. Honest Conversations and Conflict RepairFriendship & Cooperation
  3. Identity and Belonging in AdolescenceEmotional Literacy
  4. Habits and MotivationSelf-Regulation & Resilience
  5. Online Identity and MisinformationResponsible Decision-Making

History

  1. Who Really Built the PyramidsAncient Egypt
  2. Egypt and Its NeighboursAncient Egypt
  3. Fall of the Roman RepublicAncient Greece & Rome

Civics & Economics

  1. Inflation, Unemployment and GrowthEconomics
  2. Trade Policy and BarriersEconomics
What a 12-year-old learns · LightMySky