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What a 10-year-old learns

163 topics open up at age 10, across 10 subjects. They are listed in the order they build on each other, not by importance: each one needs the ones above it.

age 9age 11
What should a 10-year-old be learning?

At age 10, 163 topics open up across Mathematics, English, Science, Languages, History, Learning to Learn, Arts & Music, Civics & Economics, Design & Technology, Personal & Social Development. Each one has prerequisites that come first, so the order matters more than the list: 3-D shapes (age 10+) is a typical starting point.

How do I know what a 10-year-old already knows?

LightMySky starts by assuming everything below the learner’s level is already known, then checks the assumption as they practise. What holds up stays lit; what does not comes back for review.

Mathematics

  1. 3-D shapes (age 10+)Geometry
  2. 2-D shapes (age 10+)Geometry
  3. Classifying shapes by propertiesGeometry
  4. Angles in triangles (age 10+)Geometry
  5. Parts of a circleGeometry
  6. The coordinate plane and ordered pairsGeometry
  7. Plotting points in the first quadrantGeometry
  8. Simplifying FractionsFractions
  9. Adding fractions (unlike denominators)Fractions
  10. Comparing fractions (age 10+)Fractions
  11. Fraction word problemsFractions
  12. Multiplying fractions (age 10+)Fractions
  13. Perimeter (age 10+)Measurement
  14. Volume with unit cubesMeasurement
  15. Counting Unit CubesMeasurement
  16. Area with FractionsFractions
  17. Multiplication as scalingFractions
  18. Real-world fraction multiplicationFractions
  19. Long multiplication (age 10+)Multiplication & Division
  20. Volume of cuboidsMeasurement
  21. Brackets in ExpressionsMultiplication & Division
  22. Division with remainders (age 10+)Multiplication & Division
  23. Dividing by two-digit numbersMultiplication & Division
  24. Order of operationsMultiplication & Division
  25. Multi-step problems: choosing operationsMultiplication & Division
  26. Writing Number SentencesMultiplication & Division
  27. Fractions of a whole (age 10+)Fractions
  28. Decimals and fractions (age 10+)Fractions
  29. Dividing fractions (unit fractions)Fractions
  30. Dividing by FractionsFractions
  31. Dividing unit fractions and whole numbersFractions
  32. Understanding angles (age 10+)Geometry
  33. Mental calculation strategiesMultiplication & Division
  34. Negative Numbers Across ZeroNumber Representation & Place Value
  35. Coordinates (age 10+)Geometry
  36. Translating and reflecting shapesGeometry
  37. Place Value × 10 and ÷ 10Number Representation & Place Value
  38. Patterns with Powers of TenNumber Representation & Place Value
  39. Reading and writing numbers (age 10+)Number Representation & Place Value
  40. Addition and subtraction strategies (age 10+)Addition & Subtraction
  41. Volume as additiveMeasurement
  42. Reading and writing numbers to 10,000,000Number Representation & Place Value
  43. Adding and subtracting (age 10+)Addition & Subtraction
  44. Reading Decimal PlacesNumber Representation & Place Value
  45. Multiplying and dividing (age 10+)Multiplication & Division
  46. Converting units with decimal notationMeasurement
  47. Measurement ConversionsMeasurement
  48. Division with DecimalsMultiplication & Division
  49. Multiplying decimals by whole numbersMultiplication & Division
  50. Miles & KilometresMeasurement
  51. Rounding to a required degree of accuracyNumber Representation & Place Value
  52. Estimation to check answers to calculationsMultiplication & Division
  53. Rounding AnswersMultiplication & Division
  54. Numbers to ten millionNumber Representation & Place Value
  55. Calculating the meanData & Statistics
  56. Choosing Maths ToolsMathematical Thinking
  57. Using structure in shapes and expressionsMathematical Thinking
  58. Linear number sequencesAlgebra
  59. Generalising with repeated reasoningMathematical Thinking
  60. Systematic ListingAlgebra
  61. Using Simple FormulaeAlgebra
  62. Area of Triangles & ParallelogramsMeasurement
  63. Writing Algebraic EquationsAlgebra
  64. Equations with Two UnknownsAlgebra
  65. The 0-to-1 Probability ScaleProbability
  66. Calculating Simple ProbabilityProbability
  67. Experimental vs TheoreticalProbability
  68. Probabilities Sum to OneProbability
  69. Line plots with fractions of a unitData & Statistics
  70. Advanced Maths VocabularyMathematical Thinking
  71. Calculating percentagesRatio & Proportion
  72. Pie charts and line graphsData & Statistics
  73. Ratio ProblemsRatio & Proportion
  74. Scale and similar shapesRatio & Proportion
  75. Real-World Mathematical ModellingMathematical Thinking
  76. Unequal sharing and groupingRatio & Proportion
  77. Number Pattern RelationshipsAlgebra
  78. Moving between representations of a relationshipMathematical Thinking
  79. Advanced Multi-Step ProblemsMathematical Thinking
  80. Constructing mathematical argumentsMathematical Thinking

English

  1. Colons and Semicolons in ListsGrammar & Punctuation
  2. Bullet Point PunctuationGrammar & Punctuation
  3. Multiple Accounts of EventsReading Comprehension
  4. Supporting ideas with evidenceReading Comprehension
  5. Fact vs opinionReading Comprehension
  6. Commas After Introductory ElementsGrammar & Punctuation
  7. Conjunctions, Prepositions and InterjectionsGrammar & Punctuation
  8. Correlative ConjunctionsGrammar & Punctuation
  9. Punctuating ClausesGrammar & Punctuation
  10. The subjunctive moodGrammar & Punctuation
  11. Varying Sentence StructureGrammar & Punctuation
  12. How Authors Treat Similar ThemesReading Comprehension
  13. How Parts Build a Whole TextReading Comprehension
  14. Active and passive voiceGrammar & Punctuation
  15. Choosing Tenses for Precise MeaningGrammar & Punctuation
  16. Consistent verb tenseGrammar & Punctuation
  17. Grammar Terms: Voice and PunctuationGrammar & Punctuation
  18. Hyphens for Compound Words and PrefixesGrammar & Punctuation
  19. How Language Choices Affect the ReaderReading Comprehension
  20. Using a Thesaurus to Choose WordsVocabulary
  21. Comparing Structure in Information TextsReading Comprehension
  22. Explaining Relationships in TextsReading Comprehension
  23. Synthesising across multiple textsReading Comprehension
  24. Multimedia elements in textsReading Comprehension
  25. Using Multiple SourcesReading Comprehension
  26. Writing Legibly at SpeedHandwriting & Transcription
  27. Quoting accurately from textsReading Comprehension
  28. Summarising Non-Fiction Main IdeasReading Comprehension
  29. Writing a PrécisWriting Composition
  30. Research & Note-TakingWriting Composition
  31. Choosing Formal VocabularyVocabulary
  32. Dialects & RegistersVocabulary
  33. Commas with yes, no, and namesGrammar & Punctuation
  34. Punctuating Titles of WorksGrammar & Punctuation
  35. Adapting Speech to ContextSpeaking & Listening
  36. Building on Others in DiscussionsSpeaking & Listening
  37. Drawing Conclusions from DiscussionSpeaking & Listening
  38. Evaluating a Speaker's ArgumentSpeaking & Listening
  39. Multimedia PresentationsSpeaking & Listening
  40. Summarising Spoken and Media PresentationsSpeaking & Listening
  41. Comparing Characters, Settings and EventsReading Comprehension
  42. Different viewpoints in textsReading Comprehension
  43. Paragraph CohesionGrammar & Punctuation
  44. Layout and Formatting in Informational WritingWriting Composition
  45. Planning NarrativesWriting Composition
  46. Comparing BooksReading Comprehension
  47. Reflecting on Your Language UseEnglish Thinking
  48. Justifying views about textsReading Comprehension

Science

  1. Plants Grow from Air & WaterOrganisms & Life Processes
  2. Energy from Food & the SunOrganisms & Life Processes
  3. Rock layers and Earth's historyEarth's Systems
  4. More batteries, brighter bulbEnergy
  5. Why circuit components behave differentlyEnergy
  6. Drawing circuits with proper symbolsEnergy
  7. Star Brightness & DistanceSpace Systems & Earth's History
  8. Light travels in straight linesWaves, Light & Sound
  9. ShadowsSpace Systems & Earth's History
  10. Matter Is Made of ParticlesMatter & Materials
  11. Conservation of MassMatter & Materials
  12. Evolution vocabularyOrganisms & Life Processes
  13. Life Changed Over TimeDinosaurs & Paleontology
  14. How living things adapt to environmentsOrganisms & Life Processes
  15. Classifying OrganismsEcosystems & Habitats
  16. Communities Protecting ResourcesEcosystems & Habitats
  17. How Earth systems interactEarth's Systems
  18. Salt Water vs Fresh WaterEarth's Systems
  19. Matter Cycling in EcosystemsEcosystems & Habitats
  20. Evidence-Based ClassificationEcosystems & Habitats
  21. The Circulatory SystemOrganisms & Life Processes
  22. Nutrient Transport in AnimalsOrganisms & Life Processes
  23. Diet, Exercise & LifestyleOrganisms & Life Processes

Languages

  1. Talking about time: first tensesGrammar Across Languages
  2. Reading a whole story in a new languageTexts, Media & Translation
  3. Writing More Than One SentenceLanguage Learning
  4. Practising a Language Week by WeekLanguage Learning

History

  1. Tudor England and the Break With RomeBritain Through Time
  2. Evidence versus interpretationHistorical Thinking

Learning to Learn

  1. Finding knowledge gapsLearning to Learn
  2. Setting learning goalsLearning to Learn

Arts & Music

  1. Dances People Do: Folk, Social and StagePerforming Arts

Civics & Economics

  1. Externalities and SpilloversEconomics

Design & Technology

  1. Drawing a Design So Someone Else Can Build ItDesigning & Making

Personal & Social Development

  1. Personal Growth Over TimeSelf-Awareness
What a 10-year-old learns · LightMySky