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What a 9-year-old learns

313 topics open up at age 9, across 11 subjects. They are listed in the order they build on each other, not by importance: each one needs the ones above it.

age 8age 10
What should a 9-year-old be learning?

At age 9, 313 topics open up across Science, Mathematics, English, History, Personal & Social Development, Life Skills, Computing, Civics & Economics, Geography, Learning to Learn, Chess. Each one has prerequisites that come first, so the order matters more than the list: Force & Motion Vocabulary is a typical starting point.

How do I know what a 9-year-old already knows?

LightMySky starts by assuming everything below the learner’s level is already known, then checks the assumption as they practise. What holds up stays lit; what does not comes back for review.

Science

  1. Force & Motion VocabularyForces & Motion
  2. Gravity & Falling ObjectsForces & Motion
  3. Air Resistance & FrictionForces & Motion
  4. Levers, Pulleys & GearsForces & Motion
  5. Insect anatomy in depthInsects & Minibeasts
  6. Insect communication and behaviourInsects & Minibeasts
  7. Types of MetamorphosisInsects & Minibeasts
  8. Insect AdaptationsInsects & Minibeasts
  9. Material Properties VocabularyMatter & Materials
  10. Advanced Material PropertiesMatter & Materials
  11. Deep-Sea CreaturesOcean Life
  12. Exploring the OceanOcean Life
  13. Organ Systems VocabularyOrganisms & Life Processes
  14. Senses, Brain & ResponsesOrganisms & Life Processes
  15. Types of rocksEarth's Systems
  16. Erosion and weatheringEarth's Systems
  17. Finding patterns in dataEarth's Systems
  18. Accurate MeasurementScientific Inquiry
  19. Classifying living things (age 9+)Scientific Inquiry
  20. Controlling variablesScientific Inquiry
  21. Fair testing (age 9+)Scientific Inquiry
  22. Drawing conclusions from evidence (age 9+)Scientific Inquiry
  23. Science Can Be RevisedScientific Inquiry
  24. Evidence Supporting IdeasScientific Inquiry
  25. The solar systemSpace Systems & Earth's History
  26. Space Exploration MilestonesSpace Exploration
  27. The Vast Scale of SpaceSpace Exploration
  28. Scale of the Solar SystemSpace Exploration
  29. Why the Sun Looks BrightestSpace Exploration
  30. Life Cycle of StarsSpace Exploration
  31. Structures for SurvivalOrganisms & Life Processes
  32. Heart & Blood CirculationThe Human Body
  33. How the Lungs WorkThe Human Body
  34. Circulation & Breathing TogetherThe Human Body
  35. The Immune SystemThe Human Body
  36. Healthy Lifestyle ChoicesThe Human Body
  37. The Nervous SystemThe Human Body
  38. Wave Behaviour VocabularyWaves, Light & Sound
  39. How We See ObjectsWaves, Light & Sound
  40. Waves & How They MoveWaves, Light & Sound
  41. Patterns & Codes for InformationWaves, Light & Sound
  42. Circuit vocabularyEnergy
  43. How energy travels aroundEnergy
  44. Building an energy-converting deviceEnergy
  45. Reading and drawing circuit diagramsEnergy
  46. Speed and energyEnergy
  47. What happens when things collideEnergy
  48. Earth's rotation and day/nightSpace Systems & Earth's History
  49. Changing Ideas About SpaceSpace Exploration
  50. Gravity Pulls Things DownSpace Exploration
  51. Seasonal ConstellationsSpace Exploration
  52. Dissolving & SolutionsMatter & Materials
  53. Reversible ChangesMatter & Materials
  54. Irreversible ChangesMatter & Materials
  55. Separating MixturesMatter & Materials
  56. Extreme Weather EventsWeather & Climate
  57. Reading Weather MapsWeather & Climate
  58. Sun-Driven Weather SystemsWeather & Climate
  59. Climate ZonesWeather & Climate
  60. The AtmosphereWeather & Climate
  61. Weather-Resistant EngineeringWeather & Climate
  62. Antarctic Treaty & ResearchPolar Regions
  63. Glaciers & Ice SheetsPolar Regions
  64. Polar Climate ZonePolar Regions
  65. Polar Ecosystems ComparedPolar Regions
  66. Polar Exploration Then & NowPolar Regions
  67. Nutrient Cycling in Thin SoilRainforests
  68. Rainforest BiodiversityRainforests
  69. Temperate RainforestsRainforests
  70. Human Life StagesOrganisms & Life Processes
  71. Growing Up & PubertyThe Human Body
  72. Ocean Animal MigrationsOcean Life
  73. Animal IntelligenceAnimals of the World
  74. How fossils formSpace Systems & Earth's History
  75. Ocean EcosystemsOcean Life
  76. Ocean Pollution & HarmOcean Life
  77. Oceans & ClimateOcean Life
  78. Protecting the OceanOcean Life
  79. Polar Oceans and World ClimatePolar Regions
  80. Earth's Frozen WaterPolar Regions
  81. Deforestation Causes & ScaleRainforests
  82. Rainforest ConservationRainforests
  83. Rainforest Products in Daily LifeRainforests
  84. Insects in ecosystemsInsects & Minibeasts
  85. The most successful animals on EarthInsects & Minibeasts
  86. Threats to insects and conservationInsects & Minibeasts
  87. Natural resourcesWeather & Climate
  88. Climate Change BasicsWeather & Climate
  89. Climate Change at the PolesPolar Regions
  90. Polar Conservation & FuturePolar Regions
  91. Rainforests & Global ClimateRainforests
  92. Rainforest Futures & Trade-OffsRainforests
  93. Animal Life CyclesEcosystems & Habitats
  94. Plant & Animal ReproductionEcosystems & Habitats
  95. Dinosaur Hip GroupsDinosaurs & Paleontology
  96. How Palaeontologists WorkDinosaurs & Paleontology
  97. Reading CladogramsDinosaurs & Paleontology
  98. The K-Pg Extinction EventDinosaurs & Paleontology
  99. Structural AdaptationsAnimals of the World
  100. Endangered & Extinct SpeciesAnimals of the World
  101. Invasive SpeciesAnimals of the World
  102. SymbiosisAnimals of the World
  103. BiodiversityAnimals of the World
  104. Protecting Endangered AnimalsAnimals of the World
  105. Birds Evolved from DinosaursDinosaurs & Paleontology
  106. Palaeoart & SpeculationDinosaurs & Paleontology
  107. Changing Scientific KnowledgeDinosaurs & Paleontology
  108. Rock Layers & Relative DatingDinosaurs & Paleontology
  109. Measuring Earthquake StrengthVolcanoes & Earthquakes
  110. Natural Disaster SolutionsVolcanoes & Earthquakes
  111. Tectonic PlatesVolcanoes & Earthquakes
  112. Plate BoundariesVolcanoes & Earthquakes
  113. Earthquake-Resistant DesignVolcanoes & Earthquakes
  114. Eruption Types & Volcano ShapeVolcanoes & Earthquakes
  115. Famous Eruptions & PangaeaVolcanoes & Earthquakes
  116. Monitoring VolcanoesVolcanoes & Earthquakes
  117. The Rock CycleVolcanoes & Earthquakes

Mathematics

  1. 3-D shapes (age 9+)Geometry
  2. Estimating volumeMeasurement
  3. Arrays for multiplication (age 9+)Multiplication & Division
  4. Factors, multiples, and primesMultiplication & Division
  5. Multiplicative ComparisonMultiplication & Division
  6. Multiplicative ComparisonMultiplication & Division
  7. Prime numbersMultiplication & Division
  8. Shape patternsMultiplication & Division
  9. Square and cube numbersMultiplication & Division
  10. Factors, multiples, and primes (age 9+)Multiplication & Division
  11. Lines, Rays & AnglesGeometry
  12. Classifying shapes by line propertiesGeometry
  13. Transformations on a GridGeometry
  14. What Is an Angle?Geometry
  15. Degrees and turnsGeometry
  16. Angle Sum RulesGeometry
  17. Estimating AnglesGeometry
  18. Measuring anglesGeometry
  19. Measuring angles (age 9+)Geometry
  20. Regular and irregular polygonsGeometry
  21. Understanding fractionsMultiplication & Division
  22. Decimal place value (age 9+)Fractions
  23. Understanding fractions (age 9+)Fractions
  24. Fraction Addition ConceptsFractions
  25. Mixed numbers and improper fractionsFractions
  26. Adding and subtracting mixed numbersFractions
  27. Addition and subtraction word problemsFractions
  28. Multiplying fractionsFractions
  29. Fractions of a whole (age 9+)Fractions
  30. Equivalent fractions (age 9+)Fractions
  31. Adding fractions (different denominators)Fractions
  32. Comparing fractions (age 9+)Fractions
  33. Converting tenths to hundredthsFractions
  34. Decimals for Tenths & HundredthsFractions
  35. Tenths (age 9+)Fractions
  36. Comparing DecimalsFractions
  37. Decimals to three placesFractions
  38. Understanding PercentagesFractions
  39. Percentage and decimal equivalentsFractions
  40. Estimating answers (age 9+)Measurement
  41. Understanding angles (age 9+)Geometry
  42. Perimeter of Compound ShapesMeasurement
  43. Telling time to the minute (age 9+)Measurement
  44. Long multiplicationMultiplication & Division
  45. Division with remaindersMultiplication & Division
  46. Fluent addition and subtraction (age 9+)Addition & Subtraction
  47. Mental multiplication and division (age 9+)Multiplication & Division
  48. Negative numbers in contextNumber Representation & Place Value
  49. Place Value × 10 PatternNumber Representation & Place Value
  50. Mental addition and subtraction (age 9+)Addition & Subtraction
  51. Adding and subtracting (age 9+)Addition & Subtraction
  52. Multiplying and dividingMultiplication & Division
  53. Converting measurement units (age 9+)Measurement
  54. Fractions on a number lineMeasurement
  55. Metric & Imperial ConversionMeasurement
  56. Counting forwards and backwards (age 9+)Number Representation & Place Value
  57. Reading and writing numbers (age 9+)Number Representation & Place Value
  58. Roman numerals to 1000Number Representation & Place Value
  59. Rounding Large NumbersNumber Representation & Place Value
  60. Checking Answers by RoundingAddition & Subtraction
  61. Working with Large NumbersNumber Representation & Place Value
  62. Likelihood LanguageProbability
  63. Ordering LikelihoodsProbability
  64. Equally Likely OutcomesProbability
  65. Bar Models for RatiosRatio & Proportion
  66. Percentages (age 9+)Ratio & Proportion
  67. Simple Chance ExperimentsProbability
  68. Probability as a FractionProbability
  69. Measurement Line PlotsMeasurement
  70. Reading and Comparing Bar GraphsData & Statistics
  71. Reading tablesData & Statistics
  72. Statistical Analysis VocabularyData & Statistics
  73. Choosing representations strategicallyMathematical Thinking
  74. Complex Multi-Step ProblemsMathematical Thinking
  75. Fractions on a number line (age 9+)Mathematical Thinking
  76. Fractions, Decimals & PercentagesMathematical Thinking
  77. Precise Maths VocabularyMathematical Thinking
  78. Real-World Maths ModellingMathematical Thinking
  79. Reasoning with EquivalencesMathematical Thinking
  80. Understanding fractions (age 9+)Mathematical Thinking

English

  1. Advanced Spelling ConventionsSpelling & Word Study
  2. Homophones (age 9+)Spelling & Word Study
  3. Silent Letters in WordsSpelling & Word Study
  4. Spelling -able & -ibleSpelling & Word Study
  5. Spelling Word Lists (age 9+)Spelling & Word Study
  6. Suffixes (age 9+)Spelling & Word Study
  7. Firsthand and Secondhand AccountsReading Comprehension
  8. How authors support their pointsReading Comprehension
  9. Text & Media ConnectionsReading Comprehension
  10. Greek and Latin Roots for Word MeaningVocabulary
  11. Converting Words into VerbsGrammar & Punctuation
  12. Verb Prefixes and MeaningGrammar & Punctuation
  13. Themes Across Cultures and TraditionsReading Comprehension
  14. Commas Before Joining WordsGrammar & Punctuation
  15. Commas to avoid ambiguityGrammar & Punctuation
  16. Fixing Fragments & Run-OnsGrammar & Punctuation
  17. Relative ClausesGrammar & Punctuation
  18. Finding Theme and SummarisingReading Comprehension
  19. Paraphrasing What You HearSpeaking & Listening
  20. Brackets and dashes for parenthesisGrammar & Punctuation
  21. Cultural Allusions and Word MeaningReading Comprehension
  22. Antonyms & SynonymsVocabulary
  23. Domain Vocabulary Across Subject AreasVocabulary
  24. Idioms & ProverbsVocabulary
  25. Similes & MetaphorsVocabulary
  26. Adjective Order in SentencesGrammar & Punctuation
  27. Expanded noun phrases (age 9+)Grammar & Punctuation
  28. Grammar Terms: Modal Verbs and ClausesGrammar & Punctuation
  29. Poems, Drama & ProseReading Comprehension
  30. Combining information from textsReading Comprehension
  31. Explaining Events & IdeasReading Comprehension
  32. Structure of information textsReading Comprehension
  33. Evidence-Based WritingWriting Composition
  34. Literary Evidence in WritingWriting Composition
  35. Interpreting visual information in textsReading Comprehension
  36. Identifying Reasons Behind a Speaker's PointsSpeaking & Listening
  37. Modal Verbs and PossibilityGrammar & Punctuation
  38. Progressive and Continuous TensesGrammar & Punctuation
  39. Recommending BooksReading Comprehension
  40. In-Depth Character and Setting AnalysisReading Comprehension
  41. Narrator's Point of ViewReading Comprehension
  42. Cohesion within paragraphsGrammar & Punctuation
  43. Linking paragraphs with adverbialsGrammar & Punctuation
  44. Choosing Form and Tone for Your AudienceWriting Composition
  45. Writing for an audienceWriting Composition

History

  1. Greek Philosophers and MedicineAncient Greece & Rome
  2. Alexander the Great's EmpireAncient Greece & Rome
  3. Roman Republic and EmpireAncient Greece & Rome
  4. Fall of the Western Roman EmpireAncient Greece & Rome
  5. Crime & PunishmentMedieval Times
  6. Magna Carta and Limiting Royal PowerMedieval Times
  7. Towns & TradeMedieval Times
  8. Women in the Middle AgesMedieval Times
  9. The Pharaoh as Living GodAncient Egypt
  10. Greek and Roman ArchitectureAncient Greece & Rome
  11. Roman Law, Latin, and ChristianityAncient Greece & Rome
  12. Art & ArchitectureMedieval Times
  13. Printing Press & RenaissanceMedieval Times
  14. Egyptian Timelines and MapsAncient Egypt
  15. Judgement of the DeadAncient Egypt
  16. Egyptian Trade and EconomyAncient Egypt
  17. Cleopatra and the End of EgyptAncient Egypt
  18. Egyptian Art and ArchitectureAncient Egypt
  19. Ancient Egypt's Lasting LegacyAncient Egypt
  20. Greek and Roman Legacy TodayAncient Greece & Rome
  21. Medieval Legacy in Modern LifeMedieval Times
  22. Medieval Worlds Beyond EuropeMedieval Times
  23. Evidence for Greek and Roman LifeAncient Greece & Rome

Personal & Social Development

  1. Questioning First ImpressionsSelf-Awareness
  2. Mixed and Conflicting EmotionsEmotional Literacy
  3. Stereotypes and Individual DifferencesEmpathy & Social Awareness
  4. The world contains many cultures, traditionsEmpathy & Social Awareness
  5. Emotions and Decision-MakingEmotional Literacy
  6. Prejudice and DiscriminationEmpathy & Social Awareness
  7. Questioning Your Own BiasesEmpathy & Social Awareness
  8. Community Rights and ResponsibilitiesResponsible Decision-Making
  9. Culture and Experience Shape EmotionsEmotional Literacy
  10. Helping Others Resolve ConflictsFriendship & Cooperation
  11. Assertive CommunicationFriendship & Cooperation
  12. Giving and Receiving FeedbackFriendship & Cooperation
  13. Self-Reflection in RelationshipsFriendship & Cooperation
  14. Peer Pressure and Resisting ItResponsible Decision-Making
  15. Personal Goal-SettingSelf-Regulation & Resilience
  16. Resilience and Bouncing BackSelf-Regulation & Resilience
  17. Personal Coping ToolkitSelf-Regulation & Resilience
  18. Emotional Patterns Over TimeEmotional Literacy
  19. Time and Attention ManagementSelf-Regulation & Resilience
  20. Difficult Ethical ChoicesResponsible Decision-Making
  21. Ethics in Real-World IssuesResponsible Decision-Making

Life Skills

  1. Social EnterpriseEntrepreneurship
  2. Borrowing & DebtMoney & Finance
  3. Financial PlanningMoney & Finance
  4. How the Economy WorksMoney & Finance
  5. Global TradeMoney & Finance
  6. Scams & Online SafetyMoney & Finance
  7. Taxes & Public ServicesMoney & Finance
  8. Pitching an IdeaEntrepreneurship
  9. Real EntrepreneursEntrepreneurship
  10. Scaling UpEntrepreneurship
  11. Supply ChainsEntrepreneurship
  12. Ethics in BusinessEntrepreneurship

Computing

  1. Bias in AI SystemsArtificial Intelligence
  2. AI and Fairness in DecisionsArtificial Intelligence
  3. Deepfakes and AI-Generated ContentArtificial Intelligence
  4. Designing Fair AI RulesArtificial Intelligence
  5. AI and the Future of WorkArtificial Intelligence
  6. AI Data Collection and PrivacyArtificial Intelligence
  7. AI and the EnvironmentArtificial Intelligence
  8. The Future of AIArtificial Intelligence

Civics & Economics

  1. Productivity, Skills and ToolsEconomics
  2. How People Change SocietyCitizenship in Action

Geography

  1. Latitude, Longitude and Time ZonesMaps & Globes
  2. Migration and MovementPeople & Environments

Learning to Learn

  1. Reflecting After LearningLearning to Learn
  2. Choosing a StrategyLearning to Learn

Chess

  1. First opening ideaspack: Chess basics
What a 9-year-old learns · LightMySky